基层公务员对群众回应性的来源:压力、价值观或观念形态?——基于我国东中部10市基层公务员调研证据  

Sources of Grass-Roots Civil Servants’ Responsiveness to the Masses: Political Pressure,Values, or Ideology?——Evidence from a Survey of Grass-Roots Civil Servants in 10 Cities in Eastern and Central China

作　　者：段哲哲 Zhezhe Duan

机构地区：[1]深圳大学城市治理研究院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2019年第6期85-109,200,201,共27页Journal of Public Administration

摘　　要：近些年公务员回应能力重要性凸显,研究影响基层公务员水平回应性因素成为回应性研究热点之一。论文旨在从实证层面回答两个问题:我国基层公务员水平回应性受到政治压力与价值观影响为何?政治观念形态是否影响回应性价值观?论文采集东中部10市区级具有代表性的855份问卷,采用固定效应、Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法与PSM三种计量方法,严格检验4类研究假设。实证结果发现:媒体压力对水平回应性有显著负向影响;回应性价值观较政治压力对水平回应性有更强解释力;政治观念形态对回应性价值观有显著影响,但存在异质性:党员较非党员具有更强政治观念形态,更强回应性价值观,更好水平回应性;进入公共部门时间以及军转干部、选调生、大学生村官、两年基层工作经验所测量效应不显著。这说明:内化基层公务员公共利益价值观可能是调和政治压力与自由裁量权之间矛盾的良方;基层公务员一般培训与公务员录用环节考虑政治标准等制度设计可能需要进一步完善。In recent years,the ability of civil servants to respondto public needs has become prominent.Likewise,research on the factors that affect the responsiveness of grassroots civil servants has become one of the hotspots in response research.This article aims to answer two empirical questions:What is the impact of political pressure and values on the responsiveness of grass-roots civil servants in China?And,does political ideology affect responsive values?We collected 855 questionnaires from 10 urban districts from China s central and eastern cities,and applied fixed effects,the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method,and PSM to strictly test 4 research hypotheses.We found:media pressure had a significant negative impact on horizontal responsiveness;and,responsive values had a stronger explanatory power on horizontal responsiveness than political pressure.Also,political ideology had a significant impact on responsive values,but there was heterogeneity.Party members compared to non-Party members hadstronger political ideology,more responsive values,and a higher level of responsiveness.Other factors were not significant such as:“Time to enter the public sector”and“Military cadres”,“Selected students”,“College student village officials”,“Two-year experience”.Internalizing the public service values of grass-roots civil servants may be a good way to reconcile the contradiction between political pressure and discretion.The general training for civil servants and the consideration of political standards in the recruitment of civil servants may need to be improved further.

关 键 词：基层公务员 政治压力 回应性价值观 观念形态 群众回应性 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]