河套灌区耕地-荒地-海子间水盐运移规律及平衡分析  

Analysis of water and salt transportation and balance during cultivated land,waste land and lake system in Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：王国帅 史海滨[1] 李仙岳[1] 郑倩[1] 郭珈玮 王维刚 WANG Guoshuai;SHI Haibin;LI Xianyue;ZHENG Qian;GUO Jiawei;WANG Weigang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院

出　　处：《水利学报》2019年第12期1518-1528,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(515390050,51769024);内蒙古科技计划项目(201602049)

摘　　要：内蒙古河套灌区引水量逐年减少,输入灌区的盐分无法有效排出,灌区内部盐分迁移规律发生了较大变化。针对此现状,通过2年现场观测试验,开展了耕地-荒地-海子间水力联系及水盐动态研究。采用土壤水动力学与溶质动力学方法,对耕地-荒地-海子系统分别构建水量和盐量平衡模型,进而揭示了耕地-荒地-海子系统间水分和盐分运移关系。结果显示:在作物生育期,土壤非饱和带及地下储水量?S分别平均减少了35.05、138.2和195.7 mm,耕地、荒地和海子均处于水分消耗状态。基于Surfer软件Grid Vector Map与耕地-荒地-海子系统水量和盐量平衡模型,发现在2017年和2018年作物生育期,耕地地下水向荒地的迁移率平均值分别为78.75%和79%;荒地地下水向海子的迁移率平均值分别为44.3%和46.3%。耕地腾发量ET平均值比荒地和海子边界的分别高32%和29.15%,海子亏水631.2~706.3 mm,如果没有水分补给,海子将会面临干涸危险;在灌溉条件下,耕地地下水盐分平均增加861.45 kg/(hm^2/a),耕地地下水迁移给荒地的平均盐量为3231.90 kg/(hm^2/a),荒地地下水迁移给海子的平均盐量为3139.7 kg/(hm^2/a)。研究结果为灌区水盐调控提供了基本依据。Since the irrigation water diverted from the Yellow Rive decreased year by year and the salt input into the Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia cannot be drained out effectively,the regularity of salt migration in irrigated area has changed greatly. A two year filed observation was conducted during the vegetation growing period(from May to September) in 2017 and 2018 to study the hydraulic relations and water-salt dynamics between cultivated land,waste land and lake system. Based on soil hydrodynamics and solute dynamics methods,water and salt balance models of cultivated land-wasteland-lake system were established respectively to analyze water and salt transport relationship in cultivated land-waste land-lake system. The results showed that during crop growth period, ?S(soil unsaturated zone and groundwater storage)decreased by 35.05,138.2 and 195.7 mm,respectively,and cultivated land,wasteland and lake were in the state of water consumption. Based on Grid Vector Map tool in Surfer software and water-salt balance model,the average rate of groundwater migration from cultivated land to wasteland was 78.75% and 79%in 2017 and 2018,and that from wasteland to lake ranges was 44.3% and 46.3%,respectively. The average ET of cultivated land was 32% and 29.15% higher than that of wasteland and lake boundary,respectively. The water loss in lake was 631.2~706.3 mm,which indicates if there is no water supply,lake will be in danger of drying up. During irrigation period,the average salinity of cultivated land groundwater increased by 861.45 kg/(hm^2/a). The average salinity of cultivated land groundwater transferring to wasteland was 3231.90 kg/(hm^2/a),and wasteland groundwater transferring to the lake was 3139.7 kg/(hm^2/a). The results provide a basis for the regulation of water and salt transport in the irrigation area.

关 键 词：水盐平衡模型 耕地-荒地-海子系统 给水度 蒸腾蒸发量 水盐迁移量 

分 类 号：S247.1[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]