上海市民心理健康知识的知晓度及影响因素  

Mental Health Knowledge Awareness and Related Influencing Factors Among Residents in Shanghai

作　　者：王琰[1] 何燕玲[1] 曾庆枝 庄文旭[1] 李黎 WANG Yan;HE Yanling;ZENG Qingzhi;ZHUANG Wenxu;LI Li(Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心

出　　处：《心理学通讯》2018年第2期124-131,共8页Psychological Communications

基　　金：上海市疾病预防控制精神卫生分中心的工作经费

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市居民心理健康知识知晓度的纵向变化,以提高公众心理健康教育工作成效。方法:在典型取样基础上采用随机抽样法,在上海市16个区共19个街道监测点中抽取15岁及以上常住居民1900人为调查对象。采用自编人口学资料调查表和原卫生部办公厅印发的《精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷》进行调查。知识问卷共20个条目,满分20分,分数越高或正确率越高,知晓度越高。调查采用同样的方法分别于2011年、2013年和2016年进行3次。结果:2016年精神卫生知识问卷平均分为15.14(2.92)分,较2011年提高[14.38(3.07),F=36.14,p<0.001];平均回答正确率为75.7%,较2011年的71.9%有所提高(X2=7.17,p=0.007),但2016年与2013年的调查得分和正确率差异无统计学意义。有10个条目的正确率在2013年和2016年的调查中无显著性差异,但均比2011年的结果有所提高。三次调查中条目1、5、11、16的正确率均达到90%以上,条目2、4的正确率均低于50%。单因素分析显示,不同调查年份、年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况者的精神卫生知识问卷得分有差异;多元分析仅年龄、调查年份和教育程度进入回归方程,年龄越小、受教育程度越高,得分越高,3轮调查得分逐次升高。根据2016年调查结果显示该知识问卷的内部一致性信度一般(α=0.68)。结论:上海市居民心理健康知识知晓度整体较高,2016年与2013年持平,较2011年有所提高。不同条目之间的正确率差异较大,应加大对精神疾病病因、防治和纪念日方面的宣传力度。年龄、教育程度是心理健康知识的独立影响因素。有必要修订问卷以提高信、效度和内部一致性。Objective:To understand the longitudinal changes in mental health knowledge awareness among residents in Shanghai and improve the effectiveness of public mental health education.Methods:A total of 1900 residents aged 15 or above were selected from 19 residential district monitoring sites in 16 regions in Shanghai via random sampling method based on representative sampling.The selfcompiled demographic information questionnaire and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire(MHKQ) issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Health were adopted for investigation.The MHKQ includes 20 items and its total scores range from 0 to 20(a higher score or correct response rate indicates better mental health awareness).The questionnaires were conducted once in 2011,2013,and 2016 respectively using the same method.Results:The average MHKQ score in 2016 was higher than that in 2011 [15.14(2.92) vs.14.38(3.07),F= 36.14,p< 0.001].The correct response rate in 2016 was higher than that in 2011(75.7% vs.71.9%,X2=7.17,p=0.007).Nevertheless,there was no significant difference in the scores and correct response rates between questionnaires in 2016 and 2013.There were no significant differences in the accuracy rate of the 10 items between the 2013 and 2016 questionnaires;however,the rates were increased compared with the results in 2011.The correct response rates of items 1,5,11,and 16 in the three questionnaires were all above 90%,and the correct response rates of items 2 and 4 were below 50%.The univariate analysis showed that the MHKQ scores were different among respondents with different years of the questionnaire conducted,age,education attainment,and marital status.The multivariate analysis found that age,year of the questionnaire,and education attainment were independently related to the MHKQ score.The lower the age,the higher the education attainment and the higher the score were.The internal consistency of the 20 items in 2016 survey was fair(α=0.68).Conclusions:The mental health knowledge awareness among the residents in Shangha

关 键 词：心理健康 知晓度 影响因素 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]