入侵植物鬼针草和鳢肠的化感作用及其入侵性研究  

Allelopathy and Invasiveness of Invasive Plants Bidens pilosa and Eclipta prostrata

作　　者：史生晶 王桔红 陈文[3] 陈学林[1] SHI Shengjing;WANG Juhong;CHEN Wen;CHEN Xuelin(College of Life Sciences,Northwestern Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Food Technology and Life Science,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou 521041,China;College of Geography and Tourism Management,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou 521041,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]韩山师范学院食品工程与生物科技学院,广东潮州521041 [3]韩山师范学院地理与旅游管理学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第12期2373-2380,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770584)

摘　　要：入侵植物鬼针草和鳢肠对当地生态环境及物种多样性造成严重影响。为探讨入侵植物鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)与鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)的化感作用及其入侵性,采用培养皿法研究了鬼针草和鳢肠根、茎、叶不同质量浓度(0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08 g·mL−1)水提液对自身和受体植物种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,鬼针草和鳢肠各器官水提液对自身和受体植物种子萌发及根冠比具有极显著的化感抑制作用。鬼针草根、茎、叶水提液质量浓度为0.08 g·mL−1时,其种子萌发率分别降低了69.14%、76.94%和84.58%,根冠比降低了64.74%、69.94%和84.30%,鬼针草茎和叶水提液完全抑制鳢肠种子萌发率和根冠比;随着水提液浓度的升高,鳢肠水提液显著抑制自身和鬼针草种子萌发率及根冠比。鬼针草根和茎水提液质量浓度为0—0.06 g·mL−1时促进其株高生长,株高分别升高了52.97%和56.69%,其各器官水提液对鳢肠株高具有“低促高抑”的作用。鳢肠根、茎、叶水提液显著促进鬼针草株高生长,抑制自身株高的生长。综合化感强度分析,鬼针草的化感强度强于鳢肠,可通过化感作用抑制鳢肠种子萌发和幼苗生长,促进自身幼苗生长,增大入侵性。Invasive plants negatively impact local ecological environments and species diversity. Bidens pilosa and Eclipta prostrata, are known allelopathic and invasive plants that substantially impact landscapes. To understand the landscape effects of these species, aqueous extracts at different mass concentrations at 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 g mL 1 of Bidens pilosa and Eclipta prostrata were tested on seed germination and growth of various plant species by petir dish bioassay method. The results showed significant allelopathic inhibitory effects of Bidens pilosa and Eclipta prostrata on seed germination and root-shoot ratio (of their own and other species). At a concentration of 0.08 g mL 1, the aqueous extracts of Bidens pilosa reduced the seed germination of roots, stems, and leaves of Bidens pilosa by 69.14%, 76.94% and 84.58%, respectively, and the root-shoot ratio was reduced by 64.74%, 69.94% and 84.30%, respectively. The aqueous extracts of Bidens pilosa’s stems and leaves inhibited the germination and the root-shoot ratio of Eclipta prostrata. With increasing aqueous extracts concentration, aqueous extracts of Eclipta prostrata significantly inhibited on seed germination rate and root-shoot ratio of their own and other species. When the concentration of Bidens pilosa root and stem aqueous extracts was 0 0.06 g mL 1, plant height of Bidens pilosa was promoted and increased by 52.97% and 56.69% respectively. The aqueous extracts of various organs from Eclipta prostrata had the effect of “low promotion and high suppression” on the plant height of Eclipta prostrata. Aqueous extracts from the root, stem and leaf of Eclipta prostrata significantly promoted the seedling growth of Bidens pilosa and inhibited its own growth. A comprehensive analysis of allelopathic intensity showed that Bidens pilosa’s allelopathic effects was stronger than that of Eclipta prostrata’s, which might effectively promote the growth of Bidens pilosa’s seedlings to increase invasiveness.

关 键 词：鬼针草 鳢肠 种子萌发 幼苗生长 化感作用 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]