老年人与子女同住对老年健康的影响分析  

The Health Implications of Coresiding with Children among Chinese:Evidence from Harmonized CHARLS Data

作　　者：陈英姿[1] 孙伟 CHEN Yingzi;SUN Wei(Center for Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心

出　　处：《人口学刊》2020年第1期85-98,共14页Population Journal

摘　　要：随着我国老龄化程度的持续加深和疾病谱的转变,当前社会存在大量老年照料需求,尽管国家和社会在积极构建养老服务体系,但短期内与子女同住的家庭养老模式仍将发挥重要作用。与子女同住会对老年健康产生一定的影响,这种影响对于不同健康程度的老年人也存在差异。本文基于南加州大学经济与社会研究中心提供的Harmonized CHARLS 2013-2015年追踪数据,选取我国60岁及以上老年群体为研究对象,以虚弱指数表征健康结果,采用OLS回归和分位数回归的方法探讨与子女同住的居住模式对老年健康的影响及这一影响对不同虚弱程度的老年人是否匀质,通过滞后模型设计和倾向值匹配法控制可能存在的内生性问题。研究发现居住模式与虚弱指数存在显著的正向关系,表明居住模式会影响老年健康水平;与子女同住对老年人健康存在负面效应,而在父母附近分而不离的居住模式相较于与子女同住而言对老年人的健康更为有利;与子女同住对老年健康的这种负向影响对于不同虚弱程度的老年人而言是非线性、非匀质的,大致呈先增后降的倒U形分布,表明不同健康状况的老年人对子女的照料需求是不同的,这种影响在不同性别、城乡和年龄段的老年群体间各有差异。这就为与子女同住的居住模式提供了一些警示,与子女同住不能改变老年健康衰减的趋势,应尽量减少或规避可能增加老年人晚年健康负担的风险性因素,让"家"真正成为老年人安享晚年的港湾。With the continuous deepening of the aging degree and the transformation of the disease spectrum,there are a large number of old-age care needs in the current society. Although the state and society are actively promoting the care system,the family-supporting model with children in the short-term will still play an important role. Coresiding with children will have an impact on old parents,but the impact remain uncertain,and this effect is also different for older people of different health levels. So we try to examine the impact of coresiding with children on the health of the elderly aged 60 and over,and the heterogeneity of this effect among different groups,using two waves of the Harmonized CHARLS(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study)developed by the Gateway to Global Aging Data,measured by Frailty Index(FI)built by many variables,under a framework of OLS regression models and quantile regression using lagged dependent variables and propensity score matching method to control the endogenous. We found that there is a significant positive relationship between the living arrangement and Frailty Index,which means that the coreside mode will affect the health of the elderly;living with children is a risky behavior,and living with parents not far away is more beneficial to the health of the elderly. The negative impact of living with children on the health of the elderly is non-linear and non-homogeneous for the elderly with different levels of frailty index,and generally has an inverted U-shaped distribution that increases first and then decreases,indicating that the elderly with different health conditions. Parents’ need for care is different,and this effect varies among older groups of different genders,urban and rural areas and age groups. This provides some warnings for the pension model living with children. Living with children may not change the trend of aging health decline. We should minimize or avoid the risk factors that may increase the health burden of the elderly in later years,so that"ho

关 键 词：居住模式 虚弱指数 老年健康 分位数回归 倾向值匹配 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]