微重力环境引起宇航员眼部改变及其机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on Ophthalmic Changes in Astronauts Induced by aMicrogravity Environment and the Related Mechanism

作　　者：张晨晨 李佳[1] 牛灵芝 王远萍 郑雅娟[1] Chenchen Zhang;Jia Li;Lingzhi Niu;Yuanping Wang;Yajuan Zheng(Department of Glaucoma,the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第二医院眼科诊疗中心青光眼科,长春130000

出　　处：《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》2020年第1期72-77,共6页Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science

摘　　要：宇航员进入微重力环境后可出现一系列眼部改变,这些改变若得不到及时干预或治疗,将导致宇航员出现长期或永久的视力损害,不仅影响飞行任务的执行,还威胁宇航员的人身安全。尽管目前宇航员出现这些眼部改变的确切机制尚不明确,但相关研究已发现,宇航员进入微重力环境后会出现颅内压升高、神经系统改变、生化改变及淋巴、静脉系统循环障碍,这些可能都参与了疾病的发生与发展。现归纳国内外近50年来关于宇航员进入微重力环境后出现的眼部改变及其可能的发生机制,以期寻找针对这些眼部改变的预防和治疗措施,为宇航员筛查、训练及防治工作提供相关理论支持。A series of ophthalmic changes can occur after astronauts enter the microgravity environment.If these changes are not intervened or treated in a timely manner,it will cause long-term or permanent visual impairment to astronauts,which will not only affect the execution of flight missions,but also threaten the personal safety of astronauts.Although the precise mechanism of these ophthalmic changes in astronauts is still unclear,related studies have found that when astronauts enter the microgravity environment,there is intracranial pressure elevation,nervous system changes,biochemical changes,and lymphoid and venous circulation disorders,which may be involved in the occurrence and development of the disease.This paper summarizes these ophthalmic changes over a period of the last 50 years at home and abroad and their possible mechanisms after astronauts enter the microgravity environment.We want to identify the preventive and treatment measures for these ophthalmic changes,and provide relevant theoretical support for the screening and training of astronauts.

关 键 词：微重力 模拟失重 宇航员 视功能障碍 航天飞行相关神经眼科综合征 

分 类 号：G62[文化科学—教育学]