班纳吉和迪弗洛对发展经济学的贡献——2019年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术贡献评介  

Banerjee and Duflo’s Contributions to Development Economics

作　　者：李树[1] 严茉 LI Shu;YAN Mo(Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济学院,401120 [2]西南政法大学经济法学院,401120

出　　处：《经济学动态》2019年第12期108-121,共14页Economic Perspectives

摘　　要：阿比吉特·班纳吉和埃丝特·迪弗洛是最早将随机实验方法引入到全球减贫问题研究的学者,也是对发展经济学形成了重要影响的经济学家。班纳吉和迪弗洛对发展经济学做出的贡献主要包含三个方面:揭示贫困者的行为机制;厘清随机对照实验中的因果关系;引入随机对照实验研究贫困问题。两位学者在对贫困作用机制的揭示和关于减贫具体干预措施等方面取得了丰硕的理论和实践成果。他们通过长期的实地实验研究认为,造成贫困的原因主要包括以下五个维度:信用贷款、性别与政治、行为偏见、健康以及教育。对班纳吉和迪弗洛的学术成就进行梳理和总结,有助于更清晰地认识其贡献并为我国的扶贫工作提供新的研究方法和视角。Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo are the first scholars to introduce random-assignment experiments to the field of global poverty reduction,and they are also the economists who have an important impact on development economics.Banerjee and Duflo s contributions to development economics are mainly reflected in three aspects:revealing the behavioral mechanism of the poor,clarifying the causal relationship in the randomized controlled trial and applying the randomized controlled trial to studying poverty.The two scholars have made fruitfully theoretical and practical achievements in revealing the mechanism of poverty and in specific policy interventions for poverty reduction.Through long-term field experiments,they believe that the causes of poverty mainly include the following five dimensions:credit,gender and politics,behavioral prejudice,health and education.Summarizing the academic achievements of Banerjee and Duflo will help us to have a clearer understanding of their contributions and provide new research methods and perspectives for poverty alleviation in China.

关 键 词：阿比吉特·班纳吉 埃丝特·迪弗洛 发展经济学 反贫困 随机对照实验 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]