陕西省2017-2018年冬季流感的流行特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Shaanxi Province during the winter of 2017-2018

作　　者：史伟[1,2] 马萍 张蕾[1] 王舒[1] 朱妮 许晶[1] 余鹏博[1] 张少白[1] 徐艺[1,2] SHI Wei;MA Ping;ZHANG Lei;WANG Shu;ZHU Ni;XU Jing;YU Peng-bo;ZHANG Shao-bai;XU Yi(Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710054;Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054 [2]西安交通大学医学部,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2020年第1期131-134,156,共5页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：陕西省科技项目(No.2016E010);中国艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治项目(No.2018ZX10713002,2017ZX10104001)~~

摘　　要：目的分析陕西省2017-2018年冬季流感的流行特征,为今后流感防控提供参考。方法收集陕西省2015年10月至2018年4月每周流感监测数据,分析2017-2018年冬季全省流感监测哨点医院门诊流感样病例(ILI)情况、流感病毒核酸阳性率、冬季高发期病原谱及暴发疫情情况,并与往年流感流行季进行比较。结果2017-2018年冬季ILI就诊比例平均水平为4.78%(43709/915450),较往年同期水平偏高。门诊ILI病例中,流感病毒核酸阳性率为35.19%,其中乙型Yamagata系占15.39%、甲型H1N1亚型占14.23%、甲型H3N2亚型占4.92%、乙型Victoria系仅占0.52%。2017-2018年冬季流感暴发疫情以小学暴发为主,占45%。2017-2018年流感各年龄组病例阳性率均高于往年水平,6~14岁年龄组发病较高,但与往年发病情况类似。结论陕西省2017-2018年冬季流感流行主要由乙型Yamagata系和甲型H1N1亚型交替流行导致。针对流行特点,需要提高监测敏感性和流感疫苗接种率。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Shaanxi Province,during the winter of 2017-2018,so as to help update the government policies for influenza control.Methods Data on weekly influenza surveillance from October 2015 to April 2018 were collected from Shaanxi Influenza Surveillance System.Data concerning patients with influenza-like illness(ILI),influenza virus positive rates and outbreaks during 2015-2018 were analyzed and compared.Results In the above-mentioned winter,the average percentage of visits for ILI at 18 hospitals where sentinel surveillance program had been set was 4.78%,which was above the level of the same period in the previous five years.The positive rates of influenza virus among samples collected from ILI outpatients were 35.19%,with the proportions of Yamagata as 15.39%,H1N1 as 14.23%,H3N2 as 4.92%,and Victoria as 0.52%.A total of 19 influenza outbreaks were reported in the winter period,with 45%occurring in elementary schools.Patients aged 6-14 years who had influenza outbreaks in winter appeared to have a higher positive rate than other age groups,but similar to the incidence in previous years.Conclusion The winter influenza epidemic in Shaanxi Province between 2017 and 2018 was mainly caused by the alternating epidemic of By and H1N1.Capacity on the implementation of surveillance programs and on the coverage of vaccination should be improved and increased in order to control influenza in different epidemic seasons.

关 键 词：流感 H1N1 H3N2 VICTORIA 暴发疫情 流行特征 冬季 

分 类 号：R183.1[医药卫生—流行病学]