谁是“田父”？——论陶渊明《饮酒》诗中的“田父”  

Who is the “Farmer” ?:The Research of the “Farmer” in Tao Yuanming’s Drinking Poems

作　　者：贺伟 HE Wei(School of Chinese,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2019年第6期45-50,共6页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目（18BZW043）

摘　　要：陶渊明移居南村后,结识了一批新的朋友,殷晋安便是其中之一。义熙十一年末(415)至义熙十二年初(416),陶渊明被朝廷征为著作佐郎,与此同时,殷晋安被太尉刘裕辟为参军。殷晋安与陶渊明感情颇为深厚,欣赏奇文,辨析疑义,信宿清话,携手同游。殷氏有功名事业之心,积极用世,得知朝廷征召渊明,诚恳地劝其赴任。而陶渊明此时身染疾病,不乐仕宦,委婉拒绝了殷氏的好意。《饮酒》第九首便是写这一事件,其中的“田父”即指“殷晋安”。此外,《与殷晋安别》、《饮酒》其六和其十三、《感士不遇赋》等篇目,也与这一事件有关,从中可以看出陶渊明对殷氏劝仕话语的潜在回应,以及对其热衷仕途的批评和遗憾。陶渊明是厚道的,他把殷晋安的人物原型改造成“田父”的形象,没有直接点出友人姓名,因此他的批评是含蓄的、委婉的、影射的。After Tao Yuanming moved to Nancun,he met a group of new friends,Yin Jinan is one of them.From the end of the eleventh year of Yixi(415)to the beginning of the 12th year of Yixi(416),Tao Yuanming was levied by the imperial court.At the same time,Yin Jinan was appointed as the army leader by Liu Yu.Yin Jinan and Tao Yuanming had deep feelings.Yin appreciated Tao’s texts,and discerned the doubts.Yin Jinan sincerely persuaded Tao Yuanming to go to office.At the same time,Tao Yuanming was infected with the disease,and he euphemistically rejected Yin Jinan’s kindness.The ninth of Drinking Poems is to write this incident.In the poem,“Farmer”refers to“Yin Jinan”.Some other poems are also related to this incident.From this,we can see the potential response of Tao Yuanming to Yin Jinan’s advice.We can also see Tao Yuanming’s criticism and regret as to Yin’s keenness of officeial career.Tao Yuanming is kind.He transformed the prototype of Yin Jinan into the image of a“Farmer”.He did not directly point out name,so his criticism was implicit,euphemistic and innuendo.

关 键 词：陶渊明 《饮酒》 “田父” 殷晋安 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]