九鬼周造的偶然哲学与情绪论:和海德格尔哲学的比较  

Kuki’s Philosophy of Contingency and Theory of Feelings:In Comparison with Heidegger’s Philosophy

作　　者：廖钦彬 Liao Qinbin

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《世界哲学》2020年第1期126-135,F0003,共11页World Philosophy

摘　　要：九鬼周造可谓真正与海德格尔的《存在与时间》进行交锋的日本哲学家。九鬼曾出席海氏两年讲座与讨论班,娴熟其哲学,留学归国后,花费毕生精力建构了偶然性的哲学。在此过程中,海氏成为其最大的思想对手。针对海氏可能性的存在论,九鬼提出偶然性的存在论。海氏主张此在的“被抛一筹划”“非本真一本真”“遮蔽一解蔽”等生存论结构,显露出其哲学涵盖了人从非现实的可能状态朝向现实的必然状态发展的向度。九鬼认为这种从可能存在到必然存在的发展过程中缺乏偶然性,正意味着潜在的无限可能性之丧失。支撑海氏的此在生存论结构的正是“畏”这一人的根本情绪。针对畏这个情绪,九鬼提出惊讶的情绪。因为他认为拥抱原始偶然的人,必会不断地涌现惊讶之情,生命也因此有无限的实现可能性。哲学亦须“始于惊讶,终于惊讶”,才能有无限的发展可能性。Kuki Shuzo is a Japanese philosopher who indeed directly criticized Heidegger’s Being and Time.He attended Heidegger’s lectures and seminars for two years,and was familiar with Heidegger’s philosophy.After returning to Japan,Kuki focused on developing his philosophy of contingency.During this process,Heidegger was his resource of thinking.While Heidegger proposed an ontology of possibilities,Kuki suggested an ontology of contingency.According to Heidegger,Dasein has the existential structure of“thrownness-project”,“inauthencity-authencily”and“disclosedness-unveilingness”etc.Il reveals the dimension of human existence from the possibility of non-actuality to the necessity of actuality.Kuki argues that this process of possibility to necessity lacks contingency,and it leads to the loss of infinite possibilities.For Heidegger,anxiety is the basic feeling that supports Dasein’s existential structure,but Kuki focused on the feeling of wonder instead.It is because in original contingency human beings will continuously be in wonder,and hence life will have an infinite possibility to actualize itself.“Philosophy begins from wonder,and ends in wonder.”Only in this case,it is possible to have an infinite development.

关 键 词：偶然性 可能性 畏 惊讶 情绪 

分 类 号：B313[哲学宗教—外国哲学]