明清思想与中国武术发展及启示研究：基于“向实”的线索  

The Study on the Thought of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Development of Wushu and Enlightenment:By the Clue of “Purse Pragmatic”

作　　者：张银行[1] 刘轶[2] 杜舒书[3] 张茂林[4] 王纳新[5] ZHANG Yinhang;LIU Yi;DU Shushu;ZHANG Maolin;WANG Naxin(Yangzhou University Sports Institute,Yangzhou 225127,China;College of Physical Education,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;College of Physical Education&Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shandong Sports Universty,Rizhao 276826,China;School of Physical Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]湖北大学体育学院,湖北武汉430062 [3]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [4]山东体育学院,山东日照276826 [5]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《体育科学》2019年第11期26-39,共14页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BTY101)

摘　　要：通过文献资料调研、逻辑分析及历史学的理论与方法,以“向实”为线索对明清思想与中国武术发展进行研究。结果显示:“向实”是明清思想一以贯之的脊线,武术作为明清思想趋于务实过程中的重要诉诸对象之一而获得空前发展。“由虚向实”的思想转向对该时期的军事武术和民间武术发展均产生了重要影响。普遍的文人谈兵经武与武人崇重实艺,促进了兵学理论、军事武艺和武术技理的不断整理与综合创新,实现了由兵学向武学的转向。民间武术获得了更大发展:卫国保家强化了武术的技击性;融入学术预设了武术学校教育的思想前提;引文入武凸显了武术的中国文化属性;文武交游空前提升了武术的社会影响力;工商皆本拓展了武术的民间化进程。获得启示:“向实”思想是主导中国武术历史发展的内在理路,可成为中国武术研究的新路向和方法论;武术思想文化理应成为强化武术话语和提升民族文化自信的重要研究领域;对接“国之大事”,是中国武术将来发展的新机遇。Based on the logical analysis of literature and the theories and methods of history,this paper studies the thoughts of Ming and Qing dynasties and the development of Wushu by the clue of“purse pragmatic”.The results show:“purse pragmatic”is the main principle in Ming and Qing dynasties.As one of the important appeals in the process of Ming and Qing dynasties,Wushu gets great development.The ideological transformation from“virtual to real”has had an important impact on the development of military Wushu and folk Wushu during this period.More literati talked Wushu and more Wushu masters pursued the“real”.These promote the continuous arranging and comprehensive innovation of military science theory,military Wushu and Wushu techniques.At the same time,folk Wushu has achieved greater development,which has strengthened the skillfulness of Wushu and integrated into the academic presupposition of Wushu for school education.Citation into Wushu has strengthened the Chinese cultural attribute of Wushu.The combination of literature and Wushu has unprecedented increased Wushu’s social influence.Industry and commerce have expanded the folk process of Wushu.Getting enlightenment:“Purse pragmatic”is the inner way leading the historical development of Wushu,it can be the new approach and methodology of Wushu research;Wushu ideology and culture should become an important research field to strengthen Wushu discourse and enhance national cultural self-confidence;docking“national affairs”is a new opportunity for the future development of Chinese Wushu.

关 键 词：武术 明清思想 实学 向实 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]