非遗传承主体存续的文化社会基础——对佛山醒狮习俗的历史考察  

On the Socio-Cultural Basis for the Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage——A Historical Review of Foshan Lion Dance

作　　者：谢中元[1] XIE Zhongyuan

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院岭南文化研究院

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期133-142,共10页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“非遗代表性项目名录和代表性传承人制度改进设计研究”(17ZDA168);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“非物质文化遗产美学研究”(18JZD019);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划课题“国家级非遗‘佛山十番’抢救性挖掘整理研究”(GD16DL17);佛山市社科规划课题“1949-1976年佛山醒狮传承的社会史考察”(2019-QN06)

摘　　要：如何以史为鉴审视非遗传承主体的价值及其存续的文化社会基础,是优化改进当前及今后非遗保护所需面对的一个理论与实践问题。1949-1976年佛山醒狮传承的社会史显示,从佛山醒狮的“翻身”、显性传承逐步到被抑制、隐性传承,源于社会政策环境渐使醒狮传承主体失语、失位。但依托记忆和技艺存续的醒狮习俗,因深寓于传承主体之身心,并未因特殊时期的外力强抑而彻底寂灭失忆。非遗传承主体能否活性存续,与其所依存的文化社会基础紧密相关,既依赖于社会政策环境可否提供正向外动力,也维系于传承群体内生的主体性和内动力。历史考察的启示在于,应充分承认并激活非遗传承主体,使助力保护的外条件与传承主体的内动力同向相合,以此推动“后申遗时期”非遗保护的可持续发展。One issue of great practical and theoretical significance on protecting intangible cultural heritage is about how to examine historically the value of the inheritors and the socio-cultural basis of their maintenance.Due to the dramatic change in social and political environment from 1949 to 1976,the inheritance of Foshan lion dance had shift from open and public made to suppressed and secret made.However,in spite of external interferences imposed and aphasia the inheritors had experienced during that period,memories of the custom lingered on.The sustenance of the inheritors depends largely on the socio-cultural basis.While political environment can provide external motivation,internal motivation of the inheritors also matters.The historical review shows that while the inheritors should be encouraged and motivated,proper external conditions should also be created,so that the intangible cultural heritage can be sustained in post-application period.

关 键 词：佛山醒狮 非物质文化遗产 传承主体 后申遗时期 内动力 

分 类 号：J722.215[艺术—舞蹈]