脑梗死患者急性期认知功能损害的临床分析  

Clinical Analysis of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Acute Cerebral Infarction

作　　者：陈丹 伍能生 CHEN Dan;WU Nengsheng(Department of Neurology,Haicang Hospital of Xiamen,Xiamen Fujian 361026,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门市海沧医院神经内科

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2019年第24期41-43,共3页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的分析脑梗死患者急性期认知功能损害的临床特点及危险因素。方法在医院2017年10月—2018年10月收治的脑梗死急性期认知功能损害患者中,随机选取50例作为观察组,以脑梗死未发生认知功能损害的患者50例作为对照组,对两组进行对比。结果观察组时间定向、注意力、短程记忆、语言能力、图形描述、物体命名、语言复述,分别为(3.2±0.5)分、(2.5±0.4)分、(1.0±0.3)分、(2.1±0.5)分、(0.2±0.1)分、(3.2±0.1)分、(4.3±0.2)分。对照组时间定向、注意力、短程记忆、语言能力、图形描述、语言复述,分别为(5.0±0.3)分、(5.1±0.8)分、(2.3±0.5)分、(3.4±0.6)分、(0.7±0.1)分、(3.8±0.2)分、(4.6±0.4)分。两组数据对比,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组年龄(68.5±2.3)岁、高血压占44%、颈动脉中膜厚度(1.5±0.3)mm、颈动脉斑块占70%、受教育(5.1±0.8)年。对照组年龄(46.2±2.5)岁、高血压占20%、颈动脉中膜厚度(0.3±0.1)mm、颈动脉斑块占42%、受教育(10.2±3.0)年。两组数据相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死患者急性期认知功能损害,主要体现在时间定向障碍、注意力不集中、语言功能障碍、图像描述能力障碍四方面。高龄、健康知识匮乏、合并高血压、颈动脉中膜增厚、颈动脉斑块形成,为导致认知功能损害发生的主要危险因素。临床应从上述角度出发,对认知功能损害进行预防,后遗症发生后积极治疗,以改善患者预后。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods From October 2017 to October 2018,50 patients with acute cognitive impairment of cerebral infarction were randomly selected as observation group and 50 patients with cerebral infarction without cognitive impairment as control group.Results In the observation group,time orientation,attention,short-range memory,language ability,graphic description,object naming and language retelling were(3.2±0.5),(2.5±0.4),(1.0±0.3),(2.1±0.5),(0.2±0.1),(3.2±0.1)and(4.3±0.2),respectively.In the control group,time orientation,attention,short-range memory,language ability,graphic description,Object naming and language retelling were(5.0±0.3),(5.1±0.8),(2.3±0.5),(3.4±0.6),(0.7±0.1),(3.8±0.2),(4.6±0.4)respectively.The difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).The age of the observation group(68.5±2.3)years,hypertension(44%),carotid media thickness(1.5±0.3)mm,carotid plaque(70%)and education(5.1±0.8)years.The age of control group(46.2±2.5)years,hypertension accounted for 20%,carotid media thickness(0.3±0.1)mm,carotid plaque(42%),and education(10.2±3.0)years.The difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Cognitive impairment in acute stage of cerebral infarction is mainly manifested in time orientation disorder,inattention,language disorder and image description ability disorder.Old age,lack of health knowledge,hypertension,thickening of carotid middle membrane and formation of carotid plaque are the main risk factors for cognitive impairment.In order to improve the prognosis of patients,we should prevent the cognitive impairment and treat the sequelae.

关 键 词：脑梗死 急性期 认知功能损害 危险因素 康复训练 颈动脉中膜厚度 颈动脉斑块 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]