海水结冰过程中冰晶生长的相场模拟  

Phase field simulation of ice crystal growth in seawater freezing process

作　　者：韩端锋[1] 王永魁 鞠磊 王庆[1] HAN Duanfeng;WANG Yongkui;JU Lei;WANG Qing(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2020年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406000,2016YFE0202700);国家自然科学基金项目(51639004,51809061);黑龙江省科学基金项目(LC2018021);中央高校基本科研业务费(3072019CFM0107)

摘　　要：为了研究海浪飞溅水滴附着船舶上层建筑后结冰过程的微观机理,本文进行了冰晶生长数值模拟研究。运用Wheeler相场模型再现了海水冰晶的生长过程,建立了相场及温度场控制方程,并将海水视为盐和纯水的二元混合物来引入溶质场控制方程。采用有限差分法离散偏微分方程,并借助Python语言编程工具实现冰晶生长的模拟及可视化。通过设置冰物理参数和引入晶核方式保证了冰晶生长的真实性,并将生长结果与显微镜实验观察冰晶及自然界真实存在的雪晶进行对比,验证了本文数值方法的可靠性。定量分析了无量纲过冷度等重要参数对冰晶生长及最终形貌的影响规律。通过对二维海水冰晶的模拟,揭示了冰晶形成机理,有助于完善过冷水滴冻结数值模拟过程,最终为极地船舶防/除冰设计及安全提供理论基础。To study the microcosmic mechanism of ice formation after water droplets produced by splashing waves attach to ship superstructure,a numerical simulation of ice crystal growth is carried out in this paper.Wheeler phase field model was used to reproduce the ice crystal growth in seawater freezing process.The governing equations of phase field and temperature field were established,and seawater was regarded as a binary mixture of salt and pure water to introduce the governing equation of the solute field.The finite difference method was used to discretize the partial differential equation,and the ice crystal growth was simulated and visualized with the aid of the Python programming tool.The authenticity of the ice crystal growth was ensured by setting the physical parameters of ice and introducing the crystal nucleus,and the reliability of the numerical method was verified by comparing its results with the experimental results obtained by microscopy and the real snowflakes in nature.The effect of dimensionless supercooling and other important parameters on the growth and the final morphology of ice crystals was quantitatively analyzed.Therefore,the formation mechanism of ice crystals is revealed by simulating the sea ice crystals in two dimensions,which helps to improve the numerical simulation process of the freezing of supercooled water droplets and provides a theoretical basis for the anti-icing/de-icing design and safety of polar ships.

关 键 词：极地船舶 液滴 上层建筑 海冰 冰晶 有限差分法 相场法 参数影响 

分 类 号：O781[理学—晶体学]