考虑逆行避让行为的客船疏散仿真模型  

Passenger ship evacuation simulation model considering retrograde avoidance behavior

作　　者：倪宝成 林壮[1] 李平[1] NI Baocheng;LIN Zhuang;LI Ping(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2020年第1期44-51,共8页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61004008)

摘　　要：为了研究穿戴救生衣因素对疏散过程的影响,本文采用改进社会力模型与智能体建模技术相结合的方式,建立了一种考虑逆行避让行为和穿戴救生衣行为的船舶疏散仿真模型。通过与Zhang等的实验所获得的双向行人流基本图对比,验证了所提出的逆行避让模型的合理性。以某客船单层甲板内乘客的疏散过程为例,研究了乘客的不同分布情况以及是否穿戴救生衣对疏散过程的影响。仿真结果表明:乘客逆行返回舱室取得并穿戴救生衣行为极大地增加了疏散时间,该行为是影响疏散时间的重要因素,构建船舶疏散模型时考虑该行为是十分必要的。减小逆行返回住舱寻找救生衣的乘客数目,可以很大程度上提高疏散效率,为设计人员提升船舶的安全性提供了新的思考角度。To investigate the effect of wearing lifejacket on evacuation process,a passenger ship evacuation simulation model was established based on the combination of the improved social force model and agent-based modeling technology.The model considers the retrograde avoidance behavior and the behavior of wearing lifejacket.The rationality of the proposed simulation model was verified by comparing the fundamental diagram of bidirectional flow obtained in the experiment by Zhang et al.The proposed model was applied to a single-story deck of a passenger ship.The effect of the different distributions of passengers and the effects of wearing lifejackets on the evacuation process were studied.The simulation results indicated that the behavior of passengers returning to the cabin to obtain and wear their lifejackets greatly increased the evacuation time.This behavior is an important factor affecting the evacuation time.It is necessary to consider this behavior when constructing a passenger evacuation model.Moreover,it was found that reducing the number of passengers who returned to search for lifejackets can greatly increase the evacuation efficiency.This provides designers a new perspective on improving ship safety.

关 键 词：疏散 智能体 逆流 行人交通 客船 人类行为 仿真分析 拥堵 

分 类 号：U662[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]