作为符号象征的通识教育与国家精英大学体系的建构——欧美与中国的案例比较研究  

General Education as a Symbol and Construction of National Elite University System

作　　者：崔乃文[1] Cui Naiwen

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《江苏高教》2020年第1期16-23,共8页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学基金项目“知识演变视角下世界一流大学生成的机制研究”(2017SJB1144)

摘　　要：通识教育在国家精英大学体系的建构中具有重要的符号象征意义。美国高等教育体系中,以通识教育为主的小型精英文理学院和作为一流研究型大学核心的文理学院是美国精英大学的象征性符号,是典型案例;法国高等专科学校建构国家精英大学身份的过程看上去最不需要通识教育的象征性资源,但实际上却存在明显的对后者的接纳与汲取,是最小可能的关键案例。而中国研究型大学是深受欧陆影响的以专业教育和专业院系为主导制度逻辑的精英大学体系,但改革者对于通识教育的基本认知与共同想象却是由美国通识教育与文理学院模式所塑造的,这一符号植入与专业逻辑之间的不断冲突与反复调试,成为中国研究型大学通识教育改革的独特面相。General education has an important symbolic meaning in the construction of the national elite university system.In American higher education system,liberal arts colleges which are mainly based on general education,and faculties of arts and sciences which are at the core of the private research universities,are the symbols of American elite universities,and can also be viewed as typical cases.The process of French Grandes Ecoles constructing the national elite university status seems to not need the symbolic resources of general education,but in fact there is a clear acceptance and acquisition of the latter,which is the smallest possible key case.As an elite university system,The Chinese research universities are deeply influenced by the European continent and are dominated by professional education and professional schools.However,the basic cognition and common imagination of the reformers in general education are shaped by American general education and faculties of arts and sciences.The constant conflict and repeated debugging between the symbolic implant and professional logic has become a unique aspect of the general education reform of Chinese research universities.

关 键 词：符号象征 通识教育 文理学院 精英大学体系 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]