韩非子“以法为本”思想的逻辑自洽性和历史合理性——兼论其利弊得失对现代法治的借鉴意义  

The Logical Self-consistency and Historical Justifiability of Fa( Law)-centered Thought of Han Fei——Also on Its Advantages and Disadvantages and Its Lessons for Modern Rule of Law

作　　者：肖鹏[1] Xiao Peng

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学外国语学院

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第2期150-161,共12页Political Science and Law

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“基于文本大数据的法律知识工程基础资源研究”(项目编号:2722019JCT018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：法家思想集大成者韩非子的“以法为本”思想相对于先秦其他士人的相关思想而言,在理论上更加完备,付诸实践则更加易知易行。其“以法为本”思想以普通大众所具有的自利之心为内在根据,以法律制定的现实性与正当性为基础,以法律适用的统一性与平等性为保障,具有逻辑自洽性。其反对崇古,坚持治国应务法而不务德;反对“势治”和“术治”,坚持“以法为本”,将“势”和“术”统一到“法”中;反对君主“释法用私”,强调君主严格守法,具有历史合理性和进步性。韩非子“以法为本”思想具有有利于我国当前法治建设中依法行政、正确理解与践行德法并举、完善立法的理论养分,应加以借鉴和吸收;其不当之处体现在以维护君主专制统治为出发点和归宿,完全否定道德的作用,在实践中导致人治和对民众利益的践踏,不利于法治发展,也无益于国家治理。The fa(law)-centered thought proposed by Han Fei,who synthesized his Legalist predecessors'ideas,is more comprehensive in theory and more understandable and feasible in practice compared with those of other pre-Qin thinkers,which is reflected in the following two aspects:firstly,the law-centered thought is self-consistent because it takes the selfishness of the general public as the inner foundation,the practicality and justification of making a law as the basis,and the uniformity and equality of the law application as the guaranty;secondly,it is historically reasonable and progressive because it opposes clinging to past theories and insists that a state should be governed pursuant to law rather than morality,objects to governing a country merely by shi(power)or shu(technique)and advocates being fa(law)-centered and the incorporating shi(power)and shu(technique)into fa(law),deprecates the interpretation of law for personal purpose by emperors and emphasizes the strict compliance with the law by emperors.The fa(law)-centered thought of Han Fei contains theoretical nutrients conducive to administration according to law,correct understanding and practice of attaching importance to morality and law simultaneously,and improving legislation in China's present course of construction of rule of law,which should be learned and absorbed.Its defects include taking maintenance of authoritarian monarchy as starting point and ultimate aim,inevitably resulting in rule by man and violation of people's interests in practice,and thoroughly denying the function of morality,which is harmful for the development of rule of law and the governance of the country,and should be made public and criticized.

关 键 词：韩非子 法家 法治 法律思想 

分 类 号：DF082[政治法律—法学理论]