精神疾患的仪式治疗与文化调适机制——基于凉山彝族“苏尼”身心健康的人类学探究  

Ritual Therapy and Cultural Adjustment Mechanism for Mental Disorder——An anthropological probe into the physical and mental and health of the Suni of the Yi in Liangshan

作　　者：唐钱华[1] TANG Qianhua

机构地区：[1]西南大学文化与社会发展学院

出　　处：《思想战线》2020年第1期77-83,共7页Thinking

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目“西部地区医患矛盾与疾病认知的多学科综合研究”阶段性成果(13YJA850016);西南大学中央高校基本科研重点项目“乡村文化振兴的理念、进路与中国实践:基于西南地区的人类学田野调查”阶段性成果(SWU1909304)

摘　　要：萨满身心健康是萨满学最具争议的论题之一,四川凉山彝族"苏尼"身心健康案例能为此提供思考路径。"瓦萨那"病患阶段的准"苏尼"体现出癔症性附体障碍特征,成为"苏尼"具有自我疗治与文化调适双重意涵。从"瓦萨那"患者向"苏尼"转换与践行"苏尼"职责的系列仪式,是"苏尼"对"瓦萨舞"状态的控制、利用过程,具有自我疗治功效。通过与家支制度、祖灵信仰融合,"苏尼"的产生内化为社会结构中的合理因素与应对精神疾患的机制。The physical and mental health of the Shaman is one of the most controversial issues in the studies of shamanism.A case with the Suni of the Yi in Liangshan of Sichuan province may provide clues for thoughts on this issue.A quasi-suni suffering from"wasa na"often shows signs of hysterical possession disorder,suggesting that becoming a suni may have the dual implication of self-healing and cultural adjustment.The transformation of the suni from a"wasa na"patient to a performer of rituals is a process in which he exercises control over his"wasa na"state and makes use of it for self healing.Thus by integrating ideas of the Yi family system and ancestor worship,the Suni internalizes the rational factors in the social structure and embodies a mechanism in the Yi society for coping with or responding to mental illness.

关 键 词：“苏尼” “瓦萨那” 精神疾患 仪式治疗 文化调适 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]