美国高等教育公平政策改革及其对少数族裔高等教育的潜在影响  

Reform of the Trump Administration’s Higher Education Fair Policy and Its Potential Impact on Ethnic Minorities

作　　者：温小琪 王正青[1] WEN Xiaoqi;WANG Zhengqing(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2020年第1期108-115,共8页Journal of Teacher Education

基　　金：重庆市教育科学规划重点课题“‘一带一路’沿线国家高等教育国际竞争力评价指标的构建与测度”(2017-GX-004),项目负责人:王正青

摘　　要：美国少数族裔高等教育在20世纪60年代“肯定性行动”实施后得到快速发展,但是以高等教育公平为目标的相关政策,也带来了对非少数族裔学生的“逆向歧视”等问题,加之当前少数族裔学生高辍学率、高贷款率、低就业率等现状,共同汇聚成了特朗普政府改革高等教育公平政策的动力。改革内容包括取消少数族裔入学优惠政策、改革学生资助体系、强化职业导向、维护白人主流文化等,预计将对美国少数族裔高等教育产生广泛且复杂的潜在影响:社会层面,降低社会流动性,造成阶层固化;学校层面,使得美国高校日益趋同,冲击多样性文化生态;个体层面,增加少数族裔学生获得资助的难度。The education of ethnic minorities in American colleges and universities has developed rapidly after the implementation of"Affirmative Action"in the 1960s,which is highlighted currently by minority students'scale,level,majors,learning status,graduation,employment and etc.in American colleges and universities.The reform of the Trump administration's higher education fair policies,including the elimination of Affirmative Action for ethnic minorities,the reform of student funding systems,the strengthening of career orientation,and the preservation of white mainstream culture,have had a wide and complex impact on the education of ethnic minority in American universities.At the social level,it has reduced social mobility and caused solidification of the stratum.At the school level,U.S.colleges and universities have increasingly converged,which has impacted the diversity of cultural ecology.At the individual level,it becomes more difficult for minority students to obtain funding.

关 键 词：特朗普政府 教育公平 教育改革 公平政策 种族歧视 

分 类 号：G649.712.20[文化科学—高等教育学]