东海北部小型底栖动物群落对径流及黑潮暖流入侵的响应  

The communities of meiofauna in the northern East China Sea and their responses to runoff and the intrusion of Kuroshio Current

作　　者：刘清河 马林[1] 李新正[1,2,3,4] Liu Qinghe;Ma Lin;Li Xinzheng(Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海洋大科学中心,山东青岛266071 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋学报》2020年第2期52-64,共13页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31772415,31872194);中国科学院战略性先导专项(XDA11020305)

摘　　要：为探究小型底栖动物群落在东海北部及其临近海域的分布规律,及其对环境因子的响应,于2016年9月和12月,对研究海域共计20个站位的小型底栖动物和环境因子进行了取样调查。调查结果显示,研究海域内共鉴定出小型底栖动物类群16个,其中海洋线虫为绝对优势类群,其他优势类群主要包括桡足类、动吻类和多毛类。9月航次小型底栖动物平均丰度为(1 758±759)个/(10 cm^2),线虫占95.6%;平均生物量为(1 216.4±464.7)μg/(10 cm^2)(干重),线虫占55.26%。12月航次平均丰度为(2 011±1 471)个/(10 cm^2),线虫占95.6%;平均生物量为(1 143.0±755.0)μg/(10 cm^2)(干重),线虫占67.28%。聚类分析结果显示,小型底栖动物群落主要可以划分为近岸和外海两个组,其中近岸组小型底栖动物丰度显著高于外海站位。但在各断面分布上,绝大多数站位小型底栖动物丰度最高值均出现在60 m等深线附近,并且该水深处站位的温度和盐度数值均表现出黑潮水的特征。黑潮近岸分支对东海陆架入侵是导致小型底栖动物分布差异的重要原因,小型底栖动物在60 m等深线附近具有的高丰度值可作为其对黑潮入侵的响应。推测,黑潮入侵所导致的水体初级生产力增加以及黑潮水所携带的溶氧可能是导致该深度处小型底栖动物丰度增加的主要原因。Meiofaunal communities and the relationships with environmental variables in the northern East China Sea and its adjacent area were studied in the present paper based on the material collected from 20 sites in September and December, 2016. About 16 meiofaunal groups were identified with nematodes being the most dominant group, followed by copepods, kinorhynchs and polychaetas. The average abundances of meiofauna were(1 758±759) ind./(10 cm^2), and(2 011±1 471) ind./(10 cm^2) in September and December, respectively. The average biomasses of meiofauna were(1 216.4±464.7) μg/(10 cm^2) and(1 143.0±755.0) μg/(10 cm^2) in September and December, respectively. Results of CLUSTER analysis show that meiofaunal communities can be divided into two main groups, one was the offshore group, composed of stations in the offshore area, another group was the coastal group,composed of stations in the coastal area. However, the highest value of abundance always occurred in the depth about 60 m isobath where the salinity and temperature showed the characters of Kuroshio Current implying the intrusion of Kuroshio. We suggest that the intrusion of Kuroshio Current is the main cause of the increase of meiofaunal abundance, which can be treated as a response of meiofauna to the intrusion of Kuroshio, around the 60 m isobath. The high abundance of meiofauna may be explained by dissolved oxygen brought by the Kuroshio waters,and high primary production of water column benefitted from the supplying of phosphorus of the Kuroshio waters.

关 键 词：海洋线虫 生态学 指示生物 长江口 黑潮 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]