中国对苏传播中国家形象的建构与中苏关系演变(1949-1964)  

The Construction of China’s Image in the Communication to the Soviet Union and the Evolution of Sino-Soviet Relations (1949-1964)

作　　者：赵洁 白文刚[1] ZHAO Jie;BAI Wen-gang(Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期47-57,共11页Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“多民族背景下中国国家形象内部生成机制与传播研究”(17BXW047)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国对苏传播中的国家形象建构与转换,既可以为当前学界对中苏关系演变缘由的探讨提供一个崭新的研究视角,也有助于厘清国家形象建构在国家关系演变中所发挥的作用。1949至1953年,为获取苏联的认可和支持,中国通过大众传媒和具有符号寓意的政治行为刻意将自身形象建构为苏联虔诚的学生,并从而引得了苏联的认可,中苏关系逐渐升温,步入所谓"蜜月期";1954至1958年,在继续建构学生形象的同时,中国开始更多地展示自己的成就和自信,这使得中国的形象与苏联的认知基模产生冲突,两国矛盾逐渐积累、放大,中苏关系开始产生裂痕;1959至1964年,中苏分歧逐渐凸显,中国也开始致力于塑造反帝反修的旗手这样的国家形象。自此,两国透过敌意的滤镜来看待彼此,相互猜忌,疑虑加深,最终导致关系破裂。这一案例表明:在国家形象成功塑造之后,其将作为滤镜影响国家认知,从而长期作用于国家间关系。而在国家形象转变过程中,当传播国形象由"正面"转变为"负面"时,对象国将会产生预期落差,既有国家形象将会加速两国关系的破裂;而当传播国形象由"负面"转变为"正面"时,既有国家形象则会延缓两国关系升温的速度。The construction and transformation of China’s image in the communication to the Soviet Union can not only provide a new perspective for the current academic circles to explore the reasons for the evolution of Sino-Soviet relations, but also help to clarify the role of national image construction in the evolution of inter-state relations. From 1949 to 1953, in order to obtain the recognition and support of the Soviet Union, China deliberately constructed its image into a pious student towards the Soviet Union through the mass media and political behavior with symbolic meaning, which led to the recognition of the Soviet Union. Sino-Soviet relations gradually warmed up and entered the so-called "honeymoon period". From 1954 to 1958, while continuing to shape the image of students, China began to show more of its achievements and confidence. This made the image of China conflict with the cognitive schemas of the Soviet Union. The contradictions between the two countries gradually accumulated and enlarged and Sino-Soviet relations began to crack. From 1959 to 1964, the differences between China and the Soviet Union gradually became prominent and China has also begun to shape the national image of anti-imperialism and anti-revisionism. Since then, the two countries began to look at each other through a hostile filter and to suspicion each other and deepened their doubts, which eventually led to the breakdown of relations.This case shows that after the successful creation of the national image, it will act as a filter to influence national cognition and thus play a long-term role in the relations between countries. In the process of national image transformation,when the image of the communication subject changes from "positive" to "negative", the target country will have an expected gap and the existing national image will accelerate the rupture of the relationship between the two countries.When the image of communication subject changes from "negative" to "positive", the existing national image will delay the easin

关 键 词：国家形象 学生形象 旗手形象 中苏关系 演变 

分 类 号：D08[政治法律—政治学]