光学相干层析技术在文物检验中的应用  

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography into Examining Cultural Relics

作　　者：张宁[1] 谢兰迟 晏于文 侯欣雨 郭晶晶[1] 许磊[1] 黄威[1] 黎智辉[1] 李志刚[1] 许小京[1] 王桂强[1] ZHANG Ning;XIE Lanchi;YAN Yuwen;HOU Xinyu;GUO Jingjing;XU Lei;HUANG Wei;LI Zhihui;LI Zhigang;XU Xiaojing;WANG Guiqiang(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心

出　　处：《刑事技术》2020年第1期67-74,共8页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（61505034）;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（2018JB031）

摘　　要：近年来,我国文物犯罪形势严峻,盗窃、盗掘、非法出售、藏匿、走私文物犯罪蔓延。应用影像检验先进技术,及时准确做好涉案文物的鉴定和溯源工作,对于打击文物犯罪至关重要。光学影像技术由于其无损、原位、非接触的特点,在文物检验领域极有应用前景。本文介绍一种新型的光学影像技术--光学相干层析(OCT)技术及其在文物检验中的应用。本文首先介绍了OCT技术的基本原理及其高分辨断层成像的特点,然后对近年来OCT技术应用于陶瓷器、玉石器、油画等文物检验的研究进展进行了综述。在这些研究当中,OCT技术显示了与传统方法相比所具有的独特优势,无损非接触式成像保证了文物物证的完整性,获取的光学特征为文物检验提供了新型识别特征,三维成像方式则有望使得图像分析过程更加直观,获取的信息也更加丰富。本文还对OCT技术未来在法庭科学文物检验中可能的应用趋势进行了展望。通过分析各类文物的高分辨内部结构图像并进行特征提取,可以为文物的有效识别和区分提供重要的影像学信息,为文物的鉴定和溯源提供新的技术手段,为公安机关打击文物犯罪提供强有力的技术支撑。In recent years, the crimes involving cultural relics have been becoming serious in China, leaving the illegal dealing, storing, trafficking and auctioning of cultural relics being rampant. It is essential for application of advanced imaging techniques to combat the relevant crimes and protect cultural relics. Optical imaging technology is a promising candidate for the examination of cultural relics because it causes almost no damage to the sample and preserves the integrity of evidence. This paper introduces a novel optical imaging technology-optical coherence tomography(OCT) and its applications into examination of cultural relics. Owing to the principles and its advantages of non-destructiveness, the in-situ, high-resolution and cross-sectional imaging, OCT has been widely applied in biomedical imaging, yet still being a new technology in forensic science and archeology. The recent researches are here reported about OCT to examine such cultural relics as ceramics, porcelain, jade and painting, demonstrating OCT has unique advantages when compared to the conventional examination methods. First, the non-invasive and non-contact imaging preserves the integrity of the cultural relics and requires no pretreatment to the sample. Second, the new optical features obtained by OCT system have enriched the current examination choices and improved the accuracy of the examination. Third, OCT is a three-dimensional(3 D) imaging approach and thus can acquire 3 D volumetric data and show the en face images of the sample. Through the analysis and feature extraction of high-resolution images of various types of cultural relics, some important internal information can be obtained for the effectiveidentification and differentiation into cultural relics, capable of providing strong technical support for securing and tracking down the relevant cultural relics. Finally, the future applications of OCT in examination of cultural relics are discussed, indicating that OCT will be favorable for combating the crimes involving cultural rel

关 键 词：文物检验 光学相干层析 影像技术 法庭科学 文物犯罪 

分 类 号：DF793.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]