跨范畴度量衡单位词“分”的语法化路径与词义引申机制  

The Grammaticalization Path and Semantic Extension Mechanism of Chinese Cross-Category Measure Word Fen

作　　者：张帆[1] Zhang Fan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院语言学系

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2020年第1期121-133,共13页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：跨范畴度量衡单位词“分”可用作长度、重量、面积、金钱、弧度、时间单位,功能十分丰富。为解释其成因,本文首先考证“分”的本义,分析“分”语法化的过程与理据,明确度量衡单位词“分”来源于动词。其次,本文将“分”与其他具有相似特点的度量衡单位词进行比较;得出与度量衡单位词的产生及发展相关的“转喻引申”“隐喻引申”和“转喻隐喻交融引申”三种普遍词义演化机制;最终指出能够进行转喻隐喻交融引申是“分”发展为功能最强大的跨范畴度量衡单位词的关键原因。The cross-category measure word Fen(分lit.Split)can be used as the unit for length,weight,area,money,radian and time.In order to explain how it develops such rich functions,this paper firstly examines the original meaning of Fen by analyzing its grammaticalization process and reasons,and found that it is derived from the verb Fen.Then,this paper compares Fen with other measure words with similar characteristics,and figures out three mechanisms which had driven the common diachronic meaning development of measure words:“metonymical extension”,“metaphoric extension”and“metonymy-metaphor-compound extension”.Finally,this paper proves that the ability to carry out“metonymy-metaphor-compound extension”is the key factor which makes Fen the most powerful cross-category measure word.

关 键 词：度量衡单位词 量词 转喻 隐喻 转喻隐喻交融引申 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]