民间的“正统”:明清时期姜太公风物传说的时空结构  

Folk “Orthodox”: The Space-Time Structure of Local Scenery Legend of Jiang Taigong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：任雅萱 REN Yaxuan

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院

出　　处：《民俗研究》2020年第1期37-48,157,共13页Folklore Studies

基　　金：2019年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“明清时期山东的州县财政与基层社会组织机制研究”(项目编号:19YJC770034)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：姜太公的传说存在两种类型,一种是"役神"类传说,另一种是风物传说,两种类型来自不同传统。明清时期姜太公传说发生了重要变化,"役神"传说伴随明初礼仪改革经过从"礼"到"俗"的转变,逐渐发展为"封神"传说。然而,对明代姜太公传说的历史地理统计却显示,风物传说中几乎没有"役神"情节。在普通百姓尤其是渔民的想象中,姜太公"渔夫"形象突出。免课一说依托姜太公的图像,在明代江南渔户中流传。清代,两种传说类型融合,并形成了新的传说结构和"家神"信仰。围绕文字、图像和家宅讲述的风物传说成为新的民间"正统"。There are two types of Jiang Taigong legends:One being the"dominator of gods"(Yishen)legend and the other being the local scenery legend.The two types come from different traditions and took on important changes in the Ming and Qing period.First of all,the historical geography of the legend in the Ming Dynasty shows that there is almost no plot of "dominater of gods"(Yishen)in the local scenery legend.In the imagination of common people,especially in that of fishermen,Jiang Taigong was also a fisherman.The"taxfree"legend relied on the image of Jiang Taigong,which was circulated among the fishermen in Jiangnan area in the Ming Dynasty.In contrast,along with the ritual reformation in the early Ming Dynasty,the"dominater of gods"(Yishen)legend became to"folk",and gradually developed into the"investiture of the gods"(Fengshen)legend.In the Qing Dynasty,the two types merged and then formed a new local scenery legend and the"household god"belief.This new legend became a new folk"orthodox"surrounding text,images and homes.

关 键 词：明清时期 姜太公风物传说 时空结构 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] I207.7[历史地理—中国史]