上古汉语否定性无定代词  

On the Negative Indefinite Pronouns in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：杨薇薇[1] 潘玉坤[1] Yang Wei-wei;Pan Yu-kun

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2020年第1期14-27,126,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD740011)

摘　　要：上古汉语“亡”“莫”“罔”等常可表“没有谁/什么”的意思,但它们的词性归属、来源和产生机制目前仍存争议。本文首先辨明,将该类否定词归人动词或副词都是不合适的,它们确属代词。然后通过梳理甲骨文、金文等早期材料中相关否定词的使用和发展情况,揭示否定性无定代词的产生背景。最后,分析否定性无定代词系统的来源和产生机制,并厘清否定性无定代词与否定动词、否定副词的关系。本文认为,否定性无定代词来源于否定动词,其产生和发展受到语义、句法和语用的多重影响。The words"wang(亡)","mo(莫)"and"wang(罔)"were commonly used to express"none"or"noting"in ancient Chinese.While there is still some controversy on the part of speech,source and generation mechanism of this usage.This paper adopts the concept of negative indefinite pronouns to reveal the background of this kind of words by describing the application and development situation of the relevant negative words in oracle inscriptions,bronze inscriptions and other early literature materials.It also analyses the system,source and generation mechanism of these words such as"wang(亡)"and"wu(无)"At last,this paper discusses the relationship between negative indefinite pronouns,negative verbs and negative adverbs.This paper holds that negative indefinite pronouns originate from negative verbs,and the emergence and development are influenced by semantics,syntax and pragmatics.

关 键 词：否定性无定代词 否定动词 否定副词 亡 产生机制 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]