礼、宗教与中国早期文明的演进模式  

Ritual,Religion and the Evolution Pattern of Early Chinese Civilization

作　　者：曹建墩[1] Cao Jiandun

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2020年第1期30-37,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：中国早期文明的演进路径,大致可以分为以世俗政治秩序为核心的中原模式,以及以神权政治为核心的神权模式。良渚、红山文化时期等神权政体走的是无限扩大神权的路径,采取了以个人为取向的政治策略,为了维护贵族统治,在宗教祭祀上消耗大量能量,从而导致缺乏自我更新调整以及应变能力。中原地区社会复杂化进程中,形成以祖先崇拜为核心的宗教体系并被政治化、礼制化,从而形成繁复的丧葬、祭祀礼仪制度。中原的礼治策略是一种世俗化、理性化的政治治理方式,具有集体取向,其导向为一种道德政治。这种以内聚力、集体协作、伦理道德取向为特征的礼治,更容易整合各族群进而凝聚成更高级的政治团体,在中原地区文明化进程中发挥了非常重要的作用。The evolution path of early Chinese civilization can be roughly divided into the central plains model and the theocracy model with the theocracy as the core.The theocracy of liangzhu and hongshan societies took the path of unlimited expansion of divine authority and adopted the political strategy of personal orientation.In order to maintain the aristocracy,a large amount of resource was consumed in religious sacrifice,which led to the unbalanced development of society lacking self-renewal,adjustment and adaptability.In the complicated process of the central plains society,a politicized and ritualized religious system with ancestor worship as the core was formed,thus forming a complicated funeral and ritual system.Ritual strategy in the central plains is a kind of secularization and rationalization of political governance,which has the collective orientation,and its orientation is a kind of moral politics.The ritualistic governance characterized by cohesion,collective cooperation and ethical and moral orientation is easier to integrate various ethnic groups into a higher political group,which plays a very important role in the civilizing process of the central plains.

关 键 词：史前社会 礼制 宗教 文明化 道德政治 

分 类 号：K234.2[历史地理—历史学]