我国重特大道路交通事故防控体系构建  

The Construction of Prevention and Control System for Extraordinarily Serious Traffic Accidents in China

作　　者：王长君 李江平 金会庆 王笑京 蔡凤田 曾涛 高岩 邓毅萍 张树林 WANG Change-jun;LI Jiang-ping;JIIM Hui-qing;WANG Xiao-jing;CAI Feng-tian;ZENG Tao;GAO Yan;DENG Yi-ping;ZHANG Shu-lin(Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security,jiangsu,wuxi,214151,China;National Center of Engineering and Technology for Traffic Management,jiangsu,wuxi,214151,China;Traffic Police Administration of the Ministry of Public Security,beijing,100741,China;Anhui Sanlian Transportation Application Technology Co.,Ld,hefei,230081,China;National Center of Engineering and Technology for Vehicle Driving Safety,hefei,230088,China;Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport,beijing,100008,China;National Intelligent Transport Systems Center of Engineering and Technology,beijing,I00008,China;Traffic Police Administration of the Department of Public Security of Guangdong Province,gangzhou,510440;Anhui Sanlian Traffic Safety Application Technology Collaborative Innovation Center,hefei,230601)

机构地区：[1]公安部交通管理科研所,江苏无锡214151 [2]国家道路交通管理工程技术研究中心,江苏无锡214151 [3]公安部交通警察管理局,北京100741 [4]安徽三联交通应用技术股份有限公司,合肥230081 [5]国家车辆驾驶安全工程技术研究中心,合肥230088 [6]交通运输部公路科学研究所,北京100008 [7]国家智能交通系统工程技术研究中心,北京100008 [8]广东省公安厅交通警察管理局,广州510440 [9]安徽三联学院交通安全应用技术协同创新中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《人类工效学》2019年第5期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：交通事故已经成为和平时期威胁人民生命财产安全的严重公害之一。本文基于762万起交通事故及945起重特大交通事故多因素关联分析,揭示我国交通事故尤其重特大交通事故致因特点,证实人的因素是交通事故的主要原因,驾驶人不良驾驶行为是交通事故尤其重特大交通事故的最突出原因。通过聚类模型分析提出驾驶人不良驾驶行为可以分为故意违法类、过失类、陋习类三种,基于交通事故致因分析结果,结合我国人口众多、素质参差不齐、道路等级较低、路面交通流复杂、城市化与机动化发展速度快等有别于它国的国情特点,提出我国以人为主体的人-车-路耦合的交通事故防控对策。针对防控对策控制因子,分别阐述我国重特大交通事故技术防控、工程防控、法律法规管控的具体措施。为了防控措施跨部门跨学科协同作用,构建基于风险动力学演化的人-车-路耦合作用模型。据此构建由技术防控、工程防控、法律法规管控组成的相互依存相互促进循环递进的我国重特大交通事故防控体系。最后提出未来展望。Traffic accident had become one of the serious public hazards threatening people's life and property safety in peacetime.Based on 7.62 million traffic accidents and 945 extraordinarily serious traffic accidents,multivariate correlation analysis was used in this paper,the characteristics of the causes of traffic accidents in China were revealed.Human factor was the main cause of traffic accidents,and bad driving behavior of drivers was the most prominent cause of traffic accidents,especially serious traffic accidents.Classification of drivers^bad driving behaviors was proposedthrough cluster model analysis:intentional violation,negligence and bad habits.Based on the result of traffic accident cause analysis,considering the characteristics of Chinas large population,uneven quality,lowroad grade,complex road traffic flow,rapid development of urbanization and motorization,which were different from those of other countries,the prevention and control measures of human-vehicle-road coupling traffic accidents in China had been put forward.The specific measures for technical prevention and control,engineering prevention and control,lws and regulations control of extraordinarily serious traffic accidents in China were described respectively.The model of human-vehicle-road coupling was constructed based on the evolution of risk dynamics for cross departmental and interdisciplinary collaboration.To sum up,the interdependent and progressive prevention and control system of extraor dinarily serious traffic accidents in China had been constructed,which composed of technical prevention and control,engineering prevention and control,laws and regulations management and control.Finally,the future prospect was put forward.

关 键 词：道路交通事故防治工程 交通安全 公共安全 交通信息管理 重特大交通事故 不良驾驶行为 防 控体系 事故预防 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]