民法典侵权责任编（草案）个人用工责任制度的立法解读  

Legislation Interpretation on Individual Employment liability of Tort Liability in the Civil Code(Draft)

作　　者：石冠彬[1] 帅仁策 SHI Guan-bin;SHUAI Ren-ce

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院 [2]海南大学中国特色自由贸易港研究院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2020年第1期95-103,187,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人格权保护立法研究”(项目号：18ZDA143)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：就个人用工责任制度,将总则编与各分编合稿审议的《民法典草案》第1192条对接受劳务一方所承担的替代责任、对内保护责任进行了规定,综合了《侵权责任法》第35条及《人身损害赔偿解释》第9条、第11条的相关立场。较现行制度而言,《民法典草案》这一条文最大的进步之处,在于明确接受劳务一方对外承担替代责任后享有的内部追偿权,有望消除理论界与实务界就该问题所产生的分歧。同时,提供劳务一方因劳务导致自己权益受损时,接受劳务一方所需承担的对内保护责任在性质上并不属于侵权责任,但是基于权益保护、法律适用等方面的考量,未来民法典确宜在侵权责任编中保留该规则,但在立法术语上应将"侵权责任"修改为"补偿损失"。此外,《民法典草案》就接受劳务一方所承担的对内保护责任采纳过错责任立场颇值商榷,宜将其界定为无过错责任,并根据提供劳务一方的过错予以责任的减免。Regarding the personal employment liability system, Article 1192 of the Draft Civil Code stipulates the vicarious responsibility and internal protection responsibility assumed by the party receiving labor services, and integrates the relevant views on Article 35 in the Tort Liability Law, and Article 9 and 11 in the Interpretation of Personal Injury Compensation. Compared with the current system, the biggest improvement of this article of the Civil Code is that it clarifies the internal recovery right of the receiving labor party after assuming vicarious responsibilities, which is expected to eliminate the differences between the theoretical and practical circles on this issue. Also, when the party providing the labor service has caused damage to his own rights and interests, the responsibility for internal protection held by the party receiving the labor service is not a tort liability in nature. But based on considerations such as the right protection and law application, the future civil code should retain the rule in the tort liability chapter, and modify the term "tort liability" to "compensate for losses" in legislation. In addition, the Civil Code Draft is quite debatable about adopting the view of fault liability for the internal protection responsibility assumed by the party accepting the labor service, and it should be defined as strict liability, and the liability of the party providing the labor service shall be reduced or exempted depend on their liability.

关 键 词：个人劳务关系 用工责任 替代责任 追偿权 责任分担规则 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]