龙卷风原理的吸尘装置结构设计及流场仿真分析  

Structure design and flow field simulation analysis of a dust collector based on tornado principle

作　　者：刘晓静[1,2] 章易程 刘凡[1] 吴强运 张鸣凤 郭员畅 LIU Xiaojing;ZHANG Yicheng;LIU Fan;WU Qiangyun;ZHANG Mingfeng;GUO Yuanchang(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Automotive Research&Development Center,Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511434,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,长沙410075 [2]广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院,广州511434

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2020年第3期106-114,共9页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2018zzts511);中南大学创新创业师生共创项目(2018gczd025)

摘　　要：为提升垃圾清扫性能,利用龙卷风原理设计吸尘装置并对其结构参数和扩展域进行研究,采用ANSYS FLUENT 16.0、有限体积法与RNG k⁃ε模型对吸尘装置的流场进行计算,分析探讨各结构参数和扩展域参数对龙卷风的形成及吸尘效果的影响规律,提出了新型的吸尘装置的原理以及设计方案.研究结果表明:排尘口高度与吸嘴直径的比值是1.6时,此时装置产生的龙卷风上部完全发展且结构稳定;吸嘴进风口距地面高度与圆筒直径的比值是0.2时,此时装置产生的龙卷风具有明显的单涡结构,吸嘴覆盖区域的近地面风速最大,吸尘效果最好;导流孔倾斜角度为45°或-45°时装置产生的龙卷风最稳定且强度最大;涡流比在一定范围内增加时装置内的风场结构的强度变大,有利于吸尘效率的提高;扩展域的高度和直径均存在阈值,当扩展域参数大于相应阈值时,其影响可以忽略不计.吸尘装置通过设置合适的结构参数,能够形成高稳定性与强吸尘效果的类龙卷风流场,可实现高效清扫效果.To improve the performance of garbage cleaning,a dust collector was designed based on the tornado principle and its structure parameters and extended domain were analyzed.The flow field of the dust collector was calculated using finite volume method,RNG k⁃εmodel,and ANSYS FLUENT 16.0,and the influences of each structure parameter and extended domain parameters on the formation and dust suction effect of tornado were analyzed.The principle and the design scheme of the new type of dust collector were proposed.Results show that the upper part of the tornado was completely developed and the structure was stable,when the ratio of the height of the dust outlet to the diameter of the nozzle was 1.6.The tornado produced by the device had a distinct single vortex structure,and the wind speed near the surface of the nozzle was the largest and the dust suction effect was the best,when the ratio of the height between the nozzle inlet and the ground to the diameter of the cylinder was 0.2.When the inclination angle of diversion orifice was 45°or-45°,the structure of the tornado generated by the device was the most stable and the intensity was the largest.With the increase of the swirl ratio in a certain range,the intensity of the wind field structure in the proposed device was increased,which was beneficial to the improvement of dust collection efficiency.Moreover,the height and the diameter of the extended domain had threshold values,and when the extended domain parameter was greater than the corresponding threshold,its impact was negligible.By setting appropriate structure parameters,the proposed dust collector can form a tornado⁃like flow field with strong stability and good dust suction effect,and can achieve an efficient cleaning effect.

关 键 词：吸尘装置 结构参数 龙卷风 扩展域 流场仿真 垃圾清扫 

分 类 号：TK81[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]