葡萄渣和尿素处理稻草对牛瘤胃体外发酵及消化率的影响  

Effects of grape residue and urea treatment on in vitro fermentation and digestibility of bovine rumen

作　　者：张世卫 何孟莲 张兴国 ZHANG Shiwei;HE Menglian;ZHANG Xingguo(Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College,Weifang,Shandong Province 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东畜牧兽医职业学院

出　　处：《中国饲料》2020年第2期65-69,共5页China Feed

摘　　要：本研究采用体外培养技术,研究了葡萄渣添加水平和水稻秸秆对牛瘤胃发酵气体动力学、消化率和发酵特性的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,试验因素为2×4阶乘,即两种类型的水稻秸秆(3%尿素处理和未处理),4种(0、2、4、6%)葡萄渣添加水平。结果表明,在底物中添加2%、4%和6%的葡萄渣显著影响气体动力学(P<0.05),但显著降低了累积气体产量(P<0.05)。在体外,尿素处理秸秆添加2%葡萄渣有较高的消化率(P<0.05),同时尿素处理组添加葡萄渣较其他组显著提高微生物含量(P<0.05)。添加葡萄渣可显著增加挥发性脂肪酸总浓度,尤其是丙酸(P<0.05),而甲烷产量显著降低(P<0.05)。添加葡萄渣后细菌数量增加,原生动物数量减少(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,用3%尿素处理水稻秸秆,再添加2%葡萄渣可以改善体外气体动力学、消化率、丙酸、挥发性脂肪酸总量浓度和细菌数量,同时降低乙酸与丙酸的比例、原生动物数量和甲烷产量,结果揭示了葡萄渣可以提高瘤胃发酵的潜力,并有可能提高反刍动物的生产效率。In this study,the effects of grape residue addition level and rice straw on the gas dynamics,digestibility and fermentation characteristics of bovine rumen fermentation were studied using in vitro culture technology.The experimental design was completely randomized,and the experimental factors were 2×4 factorial,that is,two types of rice straw(3%urea treated and untreated)and four types(0,2%,4%,6%)of grape residue addition levels.The results showed that the addition of 2,4 and 6%grape residues to the substrate significantly affected the gas dynamics(P<0.05),but significantly reduced the cumulative gas production(P<0.05).In vitro,the addition of 2%grape residue in the straw treated with urea had a higher digestibility(P<0.05),and the addition of grape residue in the urea treatment group significantly increased the microbial content compared with other groups(P<0.05).The total concentration of volatile fatty acids,especially propionic acid,was significantly increased by adding grape residue(P<0.05),while methane production was significantly reduced(P<0.05).After adding grape residue,the number of bacteria increased and the number of protozoa decreased(P<0.05).Under this experimental condition,with 3%urea treatment of rice straw,add 2%grape slag can improve the in vitro gas dynamics,digestibility,propionic acid,volatile fatty acid concentration and the total number of bacteria,at the same time reduce the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid,number of protozoa,and methane yield,the result reveals that the grapes slag can improve the potential of rumen fermentation,and could improve the efficiency of ruminant production.

关 键 词：葡萄渣 尿素 水稻秸秆 瘤胃发酵 消化率 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]