细胞外囊泡的检测及其在非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断中的价值  

Value of detection of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

作　　者：蒋维芸 荀运浩 Jiang Weiyun;Xun Yunhao(Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China;Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学,杭州310053 [2]杭州市西溪医院,杭州310023

出　　处：《中华肝脏病杂志》2020年第1期92-96,共5页Chinese Journal of Hepatology

基　　金：浙江省医坛新秀培养计划(2015);浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2014ZA089、2015ZA167);杭州市科技发展计划项目(20140733Q40)。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡是双层脂质膜小囊泡,可以由大多数类型的细胞释放,并在大多数体液中可检测到,细胞外囊泡可将其生物活性成分转移到受体细胞或激活靶细胞中的信号转导,发挥细胞间通讯的关键功能,从而参与多种疾病包括肝脏疾病的发生和发展。近年来非酒精性脂肪性肝病患病率上升,除有创的肝活组织检查外,目前还没有可靠的肝脏炎症诊断或纤维化分期方法,寻求相应的无创循环标志物的研究持续活跃,细胞外囊泡是其中较受关注者之一。为此综述了目前关于细胞外囊泡的物理特征、生物成分和分离方法的知识,并介绍了利用循环细胞来源囊泡作为非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断新标志物的概念。Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids.EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells,and hence participate in the variety of diseases including the occurrence and development of liver diseases.In recent years,the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has increased.Currently there is no reliable method except invasive liver biopsy for the diagnosis of liver inflammation or fibrosis staging.Therefore,the search for the corresponding markers of noninvasive circulation continues to be active,and extracellular vesicles are one of the most concerned.To this end,we reviewed current knowledge about the physical characteristics,biological components,and isolation methods of extracellular vesicles,and introduced the concept of using circulating cell-derived vesicles as a new diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

关 键 词：脂肪肝 非酒精性 外泌体 生物学标记 细胞外囊泡 

分 类 号：R575.5[医药卫生—消化系统]