高效多环芳烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性分析  

Screening,identification and degradative characteristics of PAHs degrading bacteria

作　　者：张娟琴[1] 陈思尹 唐卫红[3] 白娜玲 李双喜[1] 郑宪清[1] 肖明[2] 吕卫光[1] ZHANG Juanqin;CHEN Siyin;TANG Weihong;BAI Naling;LI Shuangxi;ZHENG Xianqing;XIAO Ming;LU Weiguang(Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology,Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shanghai City,Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Low Carbon Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200235,China;Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海市农业环境保护监测站,农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]上海师范大学,上海200235 [3]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2020年第1期98-104,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(18YF1420900);上海市农口青年成长计划项目(沪农青字2017第1-21号);上海市优秀技术带头人计划(15XD1525300);上海市科委项目(16391901500);国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAK69B18)。

摘　　要：多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类高毒且较难降解的有机污染物。筛选高效降解菌,采用微生物降解PAHs对于消除PAHs的环境污染和毒性具有重要的意义。本试验采用萘平板法初筛、氧化还原酶活性复筛,筛选到3株PAHs高效降解菌,分别命名为B5、sh4、sh2。经16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定,依次为伯克氏菌(Burkholderia)、罗尔斯通菌(Reutropha)、中华单胞菌(Sinomonas)。降解条件优化结果表明:B5、sh4、sh2均能以萘、蒽、芘为唯一的碳源,120 h内,三个菌株对单一萘(200 mg/L)、蒽(100 mg/L)、芘(50 mg/L)的降解率分别达到81%、65%、53%以上;混合多环芳烃萘(200 mg/L)、蒽(100 mg/L)、芘(50 mg/L)的降解率分别为:82.17%—99.13%、70.76%—87.25%、52.59%—75.07%。PAHs的降解率与其分子量相关,同时PAHs的分子量也影响着菌株B5、sh2的生长活性。相比较而言,菌株B5、sh4、sh2均具有较强PAHs降解能力;菌株B5对PAHs降解效果最佳,可能与其氧化还原酶活性高有关;菌株sh4对芘的耐受力强,具有降解高分子量多环芳烃的潜能。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)as a kind of high-toxic and persistence organic pollutants in the environment.Screening high efficient degrading bacteria is important for biodegradation of PAHs.This research aimed at Screening highly active degrading bacteria of PAHs from the tested strains,then to analyze degradation properties of the target strains.Three strains B5,sh4,sh2 were screened out by naphthalene plate culture and oxidoreductase activity.The identification results of 16 sDNA gene showed that B5,sh4,sh2 were belonged to Burkholderia,Ralstonia sp.,Sinomonas sp.Three PAHs-degrading bacterial strains B5,sh4 and sh2,which utilized naphthalene,anthracene and pyrene as the sole carbon source for growth,could degrade over 81%of single naphthalene(200 mg/L),65%of single anthracene(100 mg/L)and 53%of single pyrene(50 mg/L)in 120 h.These could also degrade 82.17%—99.13%,70.76%—87.25%and 52.59%—75.07%of mixed naphthalene(200 mg/L),anthracene(100 mg/L)and pyrene(50 mg/L)in 120 h.The degradation rate of PAHs was correlated with its molecular weight,and the molecular weight of PAHs also affected the growth activity of strains B5 and sh2.In contrast,three strains B5,sh4 and sh2 have high-efficient degradation ability not only for low molecular weight PAHs,but also high molecular weight PAHs.Strain B5 has high degradation capacity for PAHs,which may be related to its high activity of oxidoreductase,and strain sh4 has the potential to degrade high molecular weight PAHs,for its high tolerance to pyrene.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 高效降解菌 降解特性 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]