马铃薯种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析  

Phenotypic Traits of Potato Germplasm Resource: Genetic Diversity Analysis

作　　者：杨春[1] 齐海英[1] Yang Chun;Qi Haiying(High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Datong 037008,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所

出　　处：《农学学报》2020年第1期13-21,共9页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山西省农科院特色产业重点研发专项“马铃薯提质增效关键技术研究”（YCX2019T02）;山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目“马铃薯资源创新及新品种选育”（17yzgc077）;大同市重点研发计划“马铃薯种质资源评价、复壮与保存”（2018031）

摘　　要：为了解引进马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,为山西马铃薯新品种选育的亲本选配提供参考。田间采集种质资源的11个质量性状和10个数量性状,进行Shannon-Wiener指数、相关性、主成分与聚类分析。质量性状的多样性指数为0.42~1.52,其中薯形、皮色、肉色、株型的多样性指数较高;数量性状中,产量、株高、生育期、单株块茎数的遗传多样性指数较高,均≥2.0。相关分析结果显示,产量与出苗率、商品薯率、单株块茎数、株高、生育期和单薯质量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析确定了单薯质量、生育期、比重、株高4个主成分因子,累计贡献率达83.997%。聚类分析将种质资源分为中早熟低产型、中早熟高产型、中晚熟高产型、中晚熟低产型4大种质群。引进资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,第Ⅱ类种质群可作为早熟高产育种的优异资源,第Ⅲ类种质群可作为多目标性状育种的亲本材料加以利用。To understand the genetic diversity of introduced potato germplasm, and provide reference for parent matching of potato varieties breeding in Shanxi, the shannon-wiener index, correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of germplasm resources were conducted by selecting 11 qualitative traits and10 quantitative traits. The results showed that the diversity indexes of quality traits ranged from 0.42 to 1.52,and the diversity indexes of potato shape, skin color and flesh color and plant type were higher. The genetic diversity indexes of yield, plant height, growth period and tuber number per plant in quantitative traits were higher, which were ≥2.0. The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield was positively correlated with seedling emergence rate, commercial potato rate, tuber number per plant, plant height, growth period and single potato weight. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) determined four principal components, including the single potato weight, growth period, specific gravity and plant height. And the cumulative contribution rate was83.997%. The germplasm resources were divided into four groups by cluster analysis, including medium-early maturity and low-yield type, medium-early maturity and high-yield type, medium-late maturity and highyield type, medium-late maturity and low-yield type. The results of comprehensive analysis show that the germplasm resources have rich genetic diversity, among which the second germplasm group could be used as excellent resource for early maturity and high yield breeding, and the third germplasm group could be used as parent material for multi-objective character breeding.

关 键 词：马铃薯 种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]