LGBT人群的数量估计:国际经验和中国挑战  

The estimation on LGBT population size:the international experiences and China′s challenges

作　　者：杨雪燕[1] YANG Xueyan(Research Center for Gender and Development/Institute for Population and Development Studies,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院人口与发展研究所/性别与发展研究中心

出　　处：《中国性科学》2020年第1期148-152,共5页Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality

摘　　要：本文采取文献研究方法,从测量工具、调查过程和估计结果3个方面分别梳理了西方国家和中国的相关研究中对于女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者(lesbian,gay,bi-sexual and tran-sexual,LGBT)人群的数量估计,发现西方国家在性取向测量方面,已经从单一维度逐步发展为多元维度;在抽样方法上,已经从非概率抽样逐步过渡为概率抽样和代表性样本;在调查方法上,已经从纸质问卷+面访的形式逐步发展为计算机辅助调查;在研究人群上,已经从LGB(lesbian,gay and bi-sexual,女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋)逐步发展到LGBT,从只关注男性到同时关注两性。LGBT人群数量的估计结果在不同的国家和不同的研究中仍然存在较大的差异,但具有较好的可比性。相比较而言,中国在测量工具、调查过程和估计结果上仍然存在一定的进步空间。本文分析了中国在LGBT人群数量估计方面面临的挑战,并提出了相应的对策。With the methodology of literature review, the studies on estimation of lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and tran-sexual(LGBT) population size in western countries and China were collected and analyzed from measurements, survey procedures and estimation results in this article. It was found that in western countries the measurement for sexual orientation had been developed from single dimension to multiple dimensions, the sampling strategies had been developed from non-probability sampling to probability sampling and representative samples, the survey strategies had been developed from questionnaires and interview to computer assisted personal interviewing(CAPI), and the target groups had been developed from lesbian, gay, bi-sexual(LGB) to LGBT, and from only focusing on men to focusing on both men and women. Therefore, the results on estimation of LGBT population size in western countries are relatively stable and comparable. Compared with the studies in western countries, there are many spaces for improvement in similar studies in China, including measurements, sampling methodologies, survey strategies, target groups and estimation results on LGBT population size. The challenges on estimation of LGBT population size for China were summarized and the corresponding suggestions were provided in this article.

关 键 词：LGBT人群(女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者人群) LGB人群 数量估计 国际经验 中国挑战 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]