施氮量对马铃薯干物质积累特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristic and Yield of Potato

作　　者：崔亮 KRISTIINA Laanemets 刘冠求 TERJE T?htj?rv MATI Koppel 周桦楠 潘家荃 万博 孟令文 CUI Liang;KRISTIINA Laanemets;LIU Guanqiu;TERJE Tahtjarv;MATI Koppel;ZHOU Huanan;PAN Jiaquan;WAN Bo;MENG Lingwen(Crop Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Estonian Crops Research Institute,Jogeva 48309,Estonia)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所 [2]爱沙尼亚作物研究所

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第2期44-51,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省博士科研启动基金项目(201601383);沈阳市重点科技研发计划项目(17-154-3-00);中国-爱沙尼亚马铃薯联合育种实验室项目

摘　　要：以辽宁省主推马铃薯品种辽薯6号为试验材料,采取膜下滴灌种植模式,在底施氮磷钾(15∶15∶15)复合肥750 kg/hm^2的基础上,设置5个追施氮水平(N 1:0 kg/hm^2;N 2:60 kg/hm^2;N 3:105 kg/hm^2;N 4:180 kg/hm^2;N 5:225 kg/hm^2),以滴施方式追施,研究施氮量对马铃薯干物质积累特性及产量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯叶、茎的干物质积累量和分配比例均随着施氮量的增加而增加,以N 5处理最高。块茎的干物质积累量和分配比例随着施氮量的增加先增加后降低,以N 3处理最高。马铃薯的干物质转运量、转移率、平均薯块质量、单株薯块质量、产量均以N 3处理最高,显著高于其他处理,其中产量为46.5 t/hm^2,分别较N 1、N 2、N 4、N 5处理提高92.9%、78.2%、9.7%、18.6%。相关分析表明,马铃薯的干物质积累量、积累速率、转运量、转移率与平均薯块质量、单株薯块质量和产量均呈极显著正相关。说明N 3处理通过对马铃薯叶、茎及块茎干物质积累量及分配比例的调控,提高了叶和茎干物质向块茎的转运量和转移率,进而增加了平均薯块质量、单株结薯质量和产量。综上,追施氮量以105 kg/hm^2最佳。Liaoshu No.6 was used as material to investigate the effects of topdressing rate of N(N 1:0 kg/ha;N 2:60 kg/ha;N 3:105 kg/ha;N 4:180 kg/ha;N 5:225 kg/ha)on dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of potato based on 750 kg/ha NPK(15∶15∶15)compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer through film mulched drip irrigation.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of potato leaf and stem increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and N 5 treatment had the highest values;the dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of potato tuber increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and N 3 treatment had the highest values.The translocation amount and ratio of dry matter,average tuber weight,tuber weight per plant and yield of N 3 treatment were the highest.The yield of N 3 treatment was 46.5 t/ha,which increased by 92.9%,78.2%,9.7%,18.6%compared with N 1,N 2,N 4,N 5 treatments.Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive relationships between dry matter accumulation,dry matter accumulation rate,dry matter translocation amount,dry matter translocation rate and average tuber weight,tuber weight per plant,yield.The above results indicated that the optimum N topdressing rate was 105 kg/ha.

关 键 词：马铃薯 追施氮量 干物质积累 干物质分配 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]