马拉松竞技能力特点理论诠释  

Theoretical Interpretation of Characteristics of Competitive Ability in Marathon

作　　者：代永胜 王三保[2] DAI Yongsheng;WANG Sanbao(School of Sports,Hubei Univ.of Tech.,Wuhan 430068,China;Track&Field Teaching&Research Office,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079 China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学体育学院,湖北武汉430068 [2]武汉体育学院田径教研室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2019年第12期94-100,共7页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK37B01)

摘　　要：运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法对马拉松项目竞技能力特点进行分析与重构。(1)马拉松项目整体特点是:马拉松是以有氧代谢为主的体能主导类长距离竞速项目,体能是核心、技战术是重点、心智是辅助。(2)马拉松项目的体能特点为:力量耐力、专项耐力、速度耐力和基础耐力是马拉松项目的主导体能运动素质。各耐力素质训练适宜区域为:5-15 km;30-35 km;20-30 km;40-50km。(3)马拉松项目技术特点:身体重心起伏小,前脚掌外侧着地过渡到全脚掌,没有扒地动作,前摆大腿不能抬起太高;上坡步长缩短、步频加快;下坡步长适当加大。(4)马拉松战术特点:熟悉路线与对手是首要;依5 km公里分段、按"时间储备"定目标是关键;半程保、大半程加、后6km冲刺是关键;一定阶段摆脱对手、拉开距离、独立控制与把握节奏是核心。In order to provide theoretical support and intellectual support for marathon in China, by means of literature review, expert interview and so on, the study reconstructed the five-capability features of the marathon project and found that:1) general characteristics of marathon: marathon was a physical-dominated long-distance race project based on aerobic metabolism, and the physical competence was the core, the techniques and tactics were the key, and the psychological state was complimentary;2) physical characteristics of marathon: strength endurance, special endurance, speed endurance and basic endurance were the main physical competencies of the marathon. The suitable distances for each endurance quality training were: 5-15 km;30-35 km;20-30 km;40-50 km. 3) technical characteristics of marathon: the fluctuation of gravity of the body was low, the outside of the front sole was smoothly transited to the full sole without pawing movements, and the front-swing thighs could not be lifted too high, the step uphill shortened and the frequency accelerated;the stride length of the downhill was appropriately enlarged. 4) characteristics of marathon tactics: the familiar route and the opponent were the firstly important. According to the section of 5 km, it was the key to set the target according to the "time reservation", to insure the former half distance, accelerate in the latter half distance and sprint during the last 6 km of race were the key;to get rid of the opponent in a certain stage, enlarge the distance, control independently and grasp rhythm were at the core.

关 键 词：运动训练学 马拉松 素质 体能 耐力 技术 项目特点 

分 类 号：G822.8[文化科学—体育训练]