大学毕业生就业质量的性别差异：基于多群组结构方程模型的分析  

Gender Differences in College Graduates’ Employment Quality:A Multi-Group Structural Equation Model Analysis

作　　者：彭正霞[1] 陆根书[1] PENG Zhengxia;LU Genshu(Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2020年第1期59-67,共9页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：陕西省社科基金项目“大学生就业质量及其影响因素的实证研究”（2016P001）;国家自然科学基金项目“大学生就业能力与创业意向：结构、影响因素及发展策略研究”（71573203）

摘　　要：应用对陕西省77所不同类型和层次高校16510名大学毕业生的调查数据,采用多群组结构方程模型方法分析了大学毕业生就业质量的性别差异及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)在工作特征满意度、职业匹配度和就业总体满意度等维度的就业质量测量指标上多数存在显著的性别差异。女生感知的就业单位的职位、地理位置和稳定性等工作特征满意度和职业匹配度、就业整体满意度水平要显著高于男生。(2)性别因素对于大学生的就业质量及其与影响因素之间的关系具有重要的调节作用。据此提出三点政策建议:(1)大学生的职业规划越早开展越好,较高的职业匹配度有助于提升大学毕业生的就业质量;(2)根据不同性别大学毕业生对就业单位工作特征的要求,有针对性地提供更适宜的职业岗位;(3)加大对大学毕业生就业的相关政策和就业指导的针对性、有效性和贯彻落实力度,实现更充分更高质量的就业。Based on the survey data of 16510 college graduates from 77 universities and colleges at different levels in Shaanxi Province,the study employs the Multi-group Structural Equation Model to analyze the gender differences in college graduates’employment quality and their influencing factors.Key findings are summarized as follows:Firstly,there are significant gender differences in most measurement indexes of employment quality,including their satisfaction with job characteristics,career matching,overall job satisfaction and so on.Female graduates have higher perceptions than male graduates in overall job satisfaction,career matching and satisfaction with job characteristics,including position,geographical location and stability of the employment units.Secondly,gender plays an important role in regulating the graduates’employment quality and the relationship between graduates’employment quality and its influencing factors.Three suggestions are put forward as follows:Firstly,undergraduates should start career planning the earlier the better,for which higher career matching helps to improve graduates’employment quality.Secondly,the employment units should provide more suitable job options to graduates of different genders with different requirements for job characteristics of the employment units.Thirdly,the pertinence,effectiveness and implementation of relevant employment policies and guidance for graduates should be enhanced to achieve fuller and higher-quality employment.

关 键 词：就业质量 性别差异 多群组结构方程模型 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]