“逻辑心理主义”的批判与重建  

Criticism and Reconstruction of “Logical Psychologism”

作　　者：陈灿 CHEN Can(Department of Philosophy,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：以弗雷格和胡塞尔为代表的反心理主义思想,通过逻辑学与心理学的截然划界而批判古典形态的"逻辑心理主义",虽然避免了后者的相对主义,但也隔绝了经验事实对逻辑推理的影响。当代"新心理主义"思潮将人类推理的经验实践重新纳入逻辑学的研究范围,在承认逻辑规则的先验有效性的基础上,重视经验事实、信息、信念、主体和公共知识等因素在逻辑推理中的作用,不仅打破了逻辑学与心理学的界限,也促进了逻辑学与其他学科的融合。通过对"新心理主义"的研究背景和研究视角的分析可以表明,现代非经典逻辑采用的表征加转换的研究方式,既体现了逻辑的规范性,又具有特定领域内的普适性,为现代逻辑在不同领域中的实际应用指引了方向。Anti-psychologism, represented by Frege and Husserl, criticizes the traditional form of"logical psychologism"by thoroughly separating logic from psychology. This avoids the relativism of the latter,but it prevents the influence of empirical facts from logical reasoning. However,the contemporary "new psychologism"reintegrates the empirical practice of human reasoning into the scope of logic research,and emphasizes on the importance of some factors,such as empirical facts,information,beliefs,agents and public knowledge,etc.,to logic reasoning based on the acknowledgement of the prior validity of logic rules. It not only breaks the boundary between logic and psychology,but also promotes the integration of logic with other disciplines. By analyzing the research background and perspective of the "new psychologism",the paper shows that the representation plus transformation schema,adopted in modern non-classical logic,is highly likely to reflect the normativity of logic and generalize in specific fields,which can give the direction of the practical application of modern logic to different fields.

关 键 词：逻辑心理主义 反心理主义 新心理主义 表征加转换 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]