斑点叉尾鮰形态观察及其两种同工酶的电泳分析  

Morphological characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of two kinds of isozymes from Ietalurus Punetaus

作　　者：张涛[1] 甘金华[1] 陈建武[1] 周剑光[1] 张林[1] 何力[1] ZHANG Tao;GAN Jinhua;CHEN Jianwu;ZHOU Jianguang;ZHANG Lin;HE Li(Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products(Wuhan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Freshwater Fish Germplasm Quality Supervision and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室(武汉)农业农村部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2019年第6期57-64,共8页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(GJFP201700902)

摘　　要：为从形态特征和生化遗传层面上丰富斑点叉尾鮰(Ietalurus Punetaus)种质资源研究内容,进一步为筛选鉴定斑点叉尾鮰种质的生化遗传标记提供前期基础,采用形态学方法观测斑点叉尾鮰(Ietalurus Punetaus)的形态特征,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了斑点叉尾鮰5种组织(心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏)中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的表达情况.结果表明:1)斑点叉尾鮰主要形态特征为体表无鳞,头小,口亚端位,具4对触须.背部呈灰褐色,腹部呈乳白色且浑圆,体侧具不规则灰黑色斑点.背鳍和胸鳍具棘.脂鳍肥厚,末端游离.尾鳍分叉深.各鳍鳍式为:背鳍D.i-6~8,胸鳍P.i-8~9,腹鳍V.8~9,臀鳍A.26~29,尾鳍C.29~30.鳔分两室,腹膜黑色.肋骨10对.脊椎骨总数93.左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数21~23.2)LDH同工酶在斑点叉尾鮰的心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中表达的酶带数分别为5条、3~4条、3条、4~7条和5条,MDH酶带数分别为4条、1条、2条、3条和6~8条,且同一组织不同个体间也存在明显差异.研究认为,LDH同工酶和MDH同工酶在斑点叉尾鮰5种组织中的表达具有组织特异性和个体差异性,各组织同工酶的表达与其生理功能相适应.In order to enrich the research on the germplasm resources of Ietalurus Punetaus on morphological and biochemical genetic levels, and to provide a preliminary basis for screening out of the biochemical genetic marker for Ietalurus Punetaus identification, the morphological characteristics of Ietalurus Punetaus were observed by morphological measurement, and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and malate dehydrogenase(MDH) isozymes from five tissues(heart, eye, muscle, liver and kidney) were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in this study. The research results showed as follows. 1) The main morphological characteristics of Ietalurus Punetaus included body smooth and scaleless, small head with 4 pairs of barbells, mouth located under the front of the head, back grey and dark, abdomen white and round in shape, lateral body with irregular grey and black dots, dorsal and pectoral fin with spines, adipose fin fleshy with its end isolated, caudal fin deeply forked. The fin formulae were dorsal fin D. i-6~8, pectoral fin P. i-8-9, ventral fin V. 8-9, anal fin A. 26~29 and caudal fin C. 29-30. The air bladder had two chambers, and the peritoneum was black. It had 10 pairs of ribs and 93 vertebraes. There were 21-23 outer gill rackers on the left first gill arch. 2) The number of LDH bands expressed in heart, eye lens, muscle, liver and kidney of Ietalurus Punetaus were 5, 3-4, 3, 4-7 and 5, respectively. MDH band numbers were 4, 1, 2, 3 and 6-8, respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in the same tissues between different individuals. This study indicated that LDH and MDH isozymes expressed in 5 tissues of Ietalurus Punetaus showed obviously tissue specificity and individual differentiation. The expression of isozymes in tissues of Ietalurus Punetaus was co-adaptation to its physiological function.

关 键 词：斑点叉尾鮰 形态特征 遗传多样性 乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH) 同工酶电泳 组织特异性 个体差异性 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]