基于核酸分析的病原微生物分子流行病学进展  

Advances in nucleic acid-based analyses of the molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens

作　　者：陈爱平 张拥军 严延生[2,3,4] CHEN Ai-ping;ZHANG Yong-jun;YAN Yan-sheng(Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College,Chongqing,China 401331;Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Fujian Provincial Key laboratory for Zoonosis;Teaching Base at the School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University)

机构地区：[1]重庆医药高等专科学校,重庆401331 [2]福建省疾病预防控制中心 [3]福建省人兽共患病研究重点实验室 [4]福建医科大学公共卫生学院教学基地

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2019年第12期1485-1488,F0003,共5页Journal of Pathogen Biology

摘　　要：病原微生物分型是根据微生物的生物学特性确定不同来源分离株之间关联性的过程。传统的分型方法曾经在感染性疾病流行病学相关性调查研究中发挥过重要作用。始于20世纪70年代的核酸分析技术是分子流行病学研究的主要手段,历经了对病原体遗传物质从条带、带型、序列特征分析的变迁,不仅快速、敏感、准确、可重复性高,也可从理论和实践上完整描述包括毒力、进化、耐药性等在内的病原体遗传特征,解释不同分离株之间的克隆性和遗传相关性,推动了病原微生物分子流行病学发展。本文拟概述基于核酸分析技术,特别是核酸序列相关分析在病原微生物分子流行病学方面的进展。In microbiology laboratories,microbial typing is an essential way to assess the relationships between micro-bial isolates based on biological properties.Conventional typing methods have played an important role in epidemiological investigations of the association between infectious diseases and diverse microbial pathogens.Nucleic acid-based analytical techniques emerged in the 1970s as the main approach in molecular epidemiological studies,and they have evolved from bands and band patterns to sequence characterization.Such typing or sub-typing methods are rapid,sensitive,precise,and reproducible,they can comprehensively reveal the genetic characteristics of pathogens including virulence,evolution,and antimicrobial resistance,and they allow interpretation of the clonality and genetic relatedness between isolates from patients,environments,hosts,or reservoirs.This review focuses on advances in nucleic acid-based analytical techniques for molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens,including plasmid profile analysis,restriction endonuclease analysis,restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP),pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE),DNA amplification-based assays,.and sequence based approaches.The underlying principles,applications,advantages,and disadvantages of each typing method are briefly compared.Although PFGE-based methods have been the gold standard for fingerprinting global bacterial isolates for the past two decades,the advent of next generation sequencing(NGS)technologies has revolution-ized investigation of microbial outbreaks with whole genome sequencing(WGS),which will replace other molecular typing methods in the near future.

关 键 词：病原微生物 分子流行病学 DNA分型 全基因组测序 综述 

分 类 号：R37[医药卫生—病原生物学]