红椎林中正红菇生境的土壤肥力及真菌多样性特征  

Characteristics of Soil Biological Properties and Fungal Diversity of Russula vinosa in Castanopsis hystrix Forest

作　　者：任奎瑜 赵久成 郭霜 王帅帅 张传进 庞师婵 杨尚东[1] REN Kui-yu;ZHAJiu-cheng;GUO Shuang;WANG Shuai-shuai;ZHANG Chuan-jin;PANG Shi-chan;YANG Shang-dong(Agricultural College of Guangxi University,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Plant Science,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China;Qinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Qinzhou 535000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁530004 [2]广西钦州市农业科学研究所,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第1期109-116,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860547);广西科技重大专项项目(AA17204041);亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放课题(OSKL201506)

摘　　要：【目的】分析红椎林土壤的生物学性状及其着生真菌的多样性特征,为人工栽培正红菇或人为措施提高正红菇产量和品质提供技术支撑。【方法】以红椎林土壤为研究对象,以相同区域的马尾松林、核树林和荔枝园土壤为对照,基于传统实验方法和现代高通量测序技术,测定不同林(园)区土壤生物学性状特征,并在门和属水平上对土壤真菌进行分类分析。【结果】红椎林土壤的可培养细菌和放线菌数量均显著高于对照区域林分土壤(P<0.05,下同),而可培养真菌数量无显著差异(P>0.05,下同);红椎林土壤的少葡糖昔酶活性最高,氨肽酶活性最低,且显著低于对照区域,磷酸酶活性在4种林(园)区土壤间无显著差异;红椎林土壤的微生物生物量C、N、P含量总体上处于中等偏低水平,真菌多样性Sharmon指数、丰富度Ate指数和Chao指数均显著低于马尾松林、枚树林和荔枝园土壤,表明红椎林土壤的真菌多样性最低。基于门分类水平,担子菌门真菌是红椎林土壤的优势真菌门,占比92.26%;基于属分类水平,红菇属真菌占比78.37%,是红椎林土壤的优势真菌属。【结论】土壤肥力不是正红菇长出与否的决定性因素;红椎林土壤具有富集担子菌门红菇属真菌的能力,红菇属真菌的繁殖与生长需要专一的共生体与特定环境,是红椎林能出产正红菇的根本原因。[Objective]To provide the technical support for artificial cultivation or measures for improving the yield and quality of Russula vinosa,the soil biological properties and fungi diversity in forest of Castanopsis hystrix were analyzed.[Method]The soil samples were collected from forests of Castanopsis hystrix,soils from Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus and Litchi orchard in the same area were as control,respectively.The soil biological properties and fungi diversity in soils from different forests(orchards),which were described as phylum and genus level in different forest were analyzed using traditional and high-throughput sequencing techniques.[Result]The amount of cultivable bacteria and actinomycetes in soils of Castanopsis hystrix forest were all significantly higher than those in soils of other three kind of forests(P<0.05,the same as below),but there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05,the same as below).Meanwhile,the activities of^3-glucosidase and aminopeptidase showed the opposite trends in soil of Castanopsis hystrix forest,i.e.,the former was the highest but the latter was the lowest in soils in the four kinds of forests and it was significantly lower than control.And the activity of soil phosphatase had no significant difference in four forests.Soil microbial biomass carbon(SBC),nitrogen(SBN)and phosphorus(SBP)in Castanopsis hystrix forest were at lower level,and fungi diversity Shannon index,richness Ace index and Chao index were all significantly lower than those in soils of Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus and Litchi orchard.It indicated that the fungi diversity was the lowest in soil of C.hystrix forest.Basidiomycota and Russula were dominant fungi in soils of C.hystrix forest at phylum and genus levels,which accounted for 92.26%and 7&77%,respectively.[Conclusion]It suggested that the soil fertility was not the decisive factor for growing R.vinosa.Soils of C.hystrix forest has the abil ity to enrich Russula of Basidiomycota.The propagation and growth of Russula require commensal and special e

关 键 词：正红菇 真菌多样性 生物学性状 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S646.19[农业科学—蔬菜学]