坡面非常规比尺模拟试验初步设计与验证  

Design and Verification of a Non-conventional Physical Model for Studying Water Flow over Slope in Loess Plateau

作　　者：李慧娟[1,3] 高建恩 康有财[1,3] 张元元 LI Huijuan;GAO Jian’en;KANG Youcai;ZHANG Yuanyuan(Research Center on Soil&Water Conservation of Ministry of Water Research,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第1期9-16,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877078,41371276);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504703);中国科学院重要方向项目(A315021615))

摘　　要：【目的】针对目前黄土高原坡面流由于水深、流速等量测困难给研究带来的问题,探讨黄土高原坡面侵蚀的特点。【方法】利用土壤侵蚀力学、水力学、泥沙运动力学及相似论的基本原理,从径流、侵蚀输沙、入渗等角度初步设计了紊流条件下坡面非常规比尺模型(几何比尺小于1),并对其径流过程进行了验证。【结果】在正态条件下,满足几何、糙率等相似条件下建造的坡面模型;在试验条件下,其水流连续性、惯性力重力比、惯性力阻力比等基本相似。【结论】坡面非常规比尺模型可以为坡面流水力学特性的研究提供一种新的途径。【Objective】Measuring surface and subsurface water flow over slopes in loess plateau is difficult and problematic,and the objective of this paper is to present a non-conventional physical model to experimentally measure water and soil erosion involved in overflow in slope in loess plateau.【Method】The geometric scale of the physical model is less than 1 and it was designed based on the principles of soil-erosion mechanics,hydraulics,sediment transport and similarity theorem,considering surface runoff,sediment erosion and transport,as well as water infiltration,under turbulent flow condition.Performance of the model was verified against experimental data.【Result】Under the designed experimental conditions,flow continuity,ratio of inertia force to gravity,as well as the ratio of inertia to resistance were similar to those in the slope model constructed under normal condition with similar geometry and surface roughness.【Conclusion】The non-conventional scale physical model provides an alternative to study hydraulic properties of overflow in slopes in loess plateau.

关 键 词：坡面流 非常规比尺 相似论 径流 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]