多重压力下重点生态功能区农户的生计适应性研究——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例  

Livelihood adaptability of farmers in key ecological functional areas under multiple pressures: a case study of Yellow River water source areas of Gannan

作　　者：赵雪雁[1] 介永庆 何小风 母方方 苏慧珍 兰海霞 薛冰[3] ZHAO Xue-yan;JIE Yong-qing;HE Xiao-feng;MU Fang-fang;SU Hui-zhen;LAN Hai-xia;XUE Bing(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Forest pest control station of Longnan,Wudu Gansu 746000,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省陇南市森林病虫害防治站,甘肃武都746000 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第1期140-149,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“重点生态功能区农户的生计脆弱性研究:以甘南黄河重要水源补给区为例”(批准号:41661115)，“多维脱贫干预对贫困山区农户可持续生计的作用机制研究”(批准号:41971268);中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室开放基金(批准号:KLEIRB-2S-16-03);甘肃省社科规划项目“精准扶贫战略下甘肃省秦巴山区贫困农户的可持续生计问题研究”(批准号:YB048)

摘　　要：重点生态功能区对维护国家和区域生态安全至关重要,农户作为该区最主要的经济活动主体和最基本的生态环境保护单元,其对生计压力的适应性直接关系到重点生态功能区主体功能的发挥。本文以地处青藏高原东缘的甘南黄河水源补给区为例,基于入户调查数据,分析了农户的生计压力、适应能力及适应策略,并利用多元logistic回归模型探明了影响适应策略选择的关键因素。结果表明:①甘南黄河水源补给区有近90%的农户遭受多重生计压力的冲击,其中,“自然+社会+经济”型压力是该区农户面临最多的生计压力组合。②经济示范区农户的适应能力最高,恢复治理区次之,重点保护区最低;遭受“自然+社会”型压力冲击的农户适应能力最高,遭受“自然+社会+经济+政策”型压力冲击的农户适应能力最低。③甘南黄河水源补给区有87.45%的农户采取多种适应策略来应对生计压力,其中,选择“扩张+援助+收缩”型适应策略的农户占比最大。④自然资本、人力资本、社会资本、自然压力的严重程度和生计压力的多样化程度是影响适应策略的关键因素。鉴于此,政府应加大生态环境保护力度,拓宽农户增收渠道,建立多元化信贷机制,加强偏远地区基础设施建设,完善社会保障体系,提高农户在面临生计压力时的适应能力,促进生计可持续发展。Key ecological function areas play a key role in maintaining national and regional ecological security.As the main economic activity subject and the basic unit of ecological environment protection,farmers’adaptability to livelihood pressure is directly related to the main function of key ecological function areas.In a case study of Yellow River water supply area of Gannan in the eastern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,based on the household survey data,analyzed the livelihood pressure,adaptive capacity and adaptation strategy of the farmers,and used multivariate logistic model to analyze the key factors affecting the selection of adaptation strategies.The results show that:①Nearly 90%of farmers in Yellow River water supply area of Gannan were facing multiple livelihood pressures,and the‘nature+society+finance’was the most frequent type of pressure faced by rural households.②The adaptive capacity of farmers in economic demonstration area was the highest,followed by the rehabilitation areas,and the lowest in the key conservation area.Farmers facing the pressure of‘nature+society’had the highest adaptive capacity,while farmers facing the pressure of‘nature+social+finance+policy’had the lowest adaptive capacity.③87.45%of the farmers adopted various adaptation strategies to cope with the livelihood pressure,and most of them selected the‘expansion+assistance+contraction’.④The natural capital,human capital,social capital,the severity of nature pressure and the degree of diversification of livelihood pressure was the key factor affecting the adaptation strategy.Therefore,the government should strengthen ecological and environmental protection,reduce the probability of natural disasters,broaden channels for farmers to increase income,establish diversified credit mechanism,strengthen infrastructure construction in remote areas,improve social security system,improve farmers'adaptability to the impact of livelihood pressure,and promote sustainable development of livelihood.

关 键 词：多重压力 生计适应性 农户 适应策略 甘南黄河水源补给区 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学] K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]