尿中241Am的分析方法研究进展  

Advances in Determination Methods of 241Am in Urine Samples

作　　者：高嘉敏 文富平[1] 娄海林[1] GAO Jia-min;WEN Fu-ping;LOU Hai-lin(China Institute of Atomic Energy,P.O.Box 275(15),Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院辐射安全研究所

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2020年第1期13-21,I0003,共10页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

摘　　要：241Am是高毒性的α核素,在常规职业内照射监测及应急测量中均有监测需求。本文系统介绍了尿样中241Am分析的各种方法,包括预处理、浓集、分离纯化、制样、测量等环节。典型的化学处理流程包括磷酸钙/草酸钙共沉淀,采用DGA或TRU树脂进行萃取色谱柱分离,在硫酸铵或草酸铵体系中电镀或与Nd/CeF3微沉积制成α源。测量仪器可以用α谱仪、液闪谱仪、γ谱仪等放射性测量仪器,或电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、加速器质谱(AMS)等质谱测量仪器。241Am is one of the most toxic transuranic nuclides due to its long half-life andα-particle emission,which needs to be surveilled in both internal individual exposure routine monitoring for workers and emergency rapid analysis.This paper aims to critically review some aspects of determination of 241Am in the urine sample.A typical radiochemical analysis procedure consists of calcium phosphate or oxalate co-precipitation,extraction chromatography with DGA or TRU resin,source preparation by electrodeposition in ammonium sulfate or oxalate or micro co-precipitation with Nd/CeF3.Newly progress in the measurement techniques of 241Am in urine,especially the capabilities of various mass spectrometry including radioactivity measuring instruments like alpha spectrometry,liquid scintillation spectrometry and gamma spectrometry or non-radioactive measuring instruments like mass spectrometry(ICP-MS,AMS etc.)has also been mentioned in this review.

关 键 词：尿样 241Am 分析测量 萃取色层 离子交换 Α谱仪 液闪谱仪 质谱 

分 类 号：TL276[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]