湖北荆门屈家岭遗址炭化植物遗存分析  

Analysis of Charred Plant Remains from the Qujialing Site in Jingmen, Hubei Province

作　　者：姚凌 陶洋[1] 张德伟 罗运兵[1] 程至杰 罗武宏 杨玉璋[3] 唐丽雅[4] Yao Ling;Tao Yang;Zhang Dewei;Luo Yunbing;Cheng Zhijie;Luo Wuhong;Yang Yuzhang;Tang liya(Wuhan,Hubei 430077;Yangling,Shanxi 712100;Hefei,Anhui 230026;Xi'an,Shanxi 710069)

机构地区：[1]湖北省文物考古研究所,湖北武汉430077 [2]西北农林科技大学中国农业历史文化研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026 [4]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《江汉考古》2019年第6期116-124,86,共10页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“苏豫皖邻境地区原始农业发展状况研究（8000BP-4000BP）”（项目批准号17CKG023）的资助;湖北省荆门市文物局;荆门市屈家岭管理区工委

摘　　要：本文通过对屈家岭遗址油子岭文化至战国晚期各时期遗迹和文化层土样的浮选,经鉴定发现了炭化植物种子及硬果核壳等共计1599粒。其中农作物种子1245粒,包括541粒水稻(Oryza sativa)和638粒水稻基盘、33粒粟(Setaria italica)、27粒小麦(Triticum aestivum)以及6粒大豆(Glycine max),其余可鉴定的杂草种子及核壳22种共计245粒,未知杂草种子109粒。从出土炭化植物遗存的14C年代测定和量化统计分析来看,屈家岭遗址自距今约5800年,稻作农业已经在生业经济中占据主体地位,并延续至距今约4400年。粟的利用出现年代较水稻稍晚,在距今约5600~5300年间,且粟在农业作物中的比重始终很小。本项工作为江汉平原地区史前人类的植物资源利用以及农业发展研究提供了准确的年代和实物证据。Based on the flotation of soil samples collected at the Qujialing site,charred plant remains were collected for the Youziling Culture to the Late Warring States Period.Micromorphological identification reports a total of 1599 charred seeds and core-shell remains,of which 1245 are crop seeds.The crop seeds can be further divided into 541 rice seeds(Oryza sativa),638 grains of rice spikelet base,33 millet seeds(Setaria italica),27 wheat seeds(Triticum aestivum),and six soybean seeds(Glycine max).Furthermore,245 weed seeds and core-shell from 22 species were recognizable for their morphological features and still 109 weed seeds were unrecognizable.Radiocarbon 14(C14)dates and quantitative statistics of the charred plant remains suggest that,as early as some 5800 years ago,rice farming had gained dominance in the subsistence economy and that trend ended until 4400 years before present.Following rice farming,millet use appeared in the region some 5300 to 5600 years before present but it accounted for only a small portion in agriculture at this time.This paper provides accurate radiocarbon dates and reliable material evidence for understanding the exploitation and use of plant resources and the development of agriculture in the Neolithic Jianghan Plain.

关 键 词：屈家岭遗址 油子岭文化 屈家岭文化 石家河文化 水稻 粟 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]