粗糙脉孢菌及其他真菌中生物钟系统研究进展  

Advances in the Study of Circadian Clock Systems in Neurospora crassa and Other Fungi

作　　者：周孟孟 周祎珂 苏德格日乐 王颖[1] 何群[1] ZHOU Mengmeng;ZHOU Yike;SU Sodgerel;WANG Ying;HE Qun(State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology,College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室/生物学院

出　　处：《菌物研究》2019年第3期155-166,共12页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31330004);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2014CB947603)

摘　　要：地球自转形成的昼夜交替促使地球上的生物在体内进化出了能够测量时间的"生物钟"系统,此系统由输入途径、核心振荡器和输出途径3部分组成。"光逃避"假说为生物钟的进化提供了一种合理的解释。作为研究生物钟的理想模式生物之一,粗糙脉孢菌生物钟的核心振荡器是由正调控因子WC-1、WC-2和负调控因子FRQ、FRH组成的一个基于转录/翻译的负反馈调控环路。输入途径感知光照、温度等环境信号并将其传递到核心振荡器,进而调控下游一系列钟控基因表达,输出昼夜节律。此外,粗糙脉孢菌中还存在不依赖于WC复合体的frq基因的转录,其调控方式的解析进一步丰富了生物钟的调控网络。最后,通过比较并探索其他真菌中生物钟系统组成及运行机制,使我们对真菌生物钟的进化历程及生物体对环境的整体适应性有了更加全面而深刻的认识。Earth rotation causesday and night transition. In order to adapt to light-darkness cycles,organisms have evolved endogenous time measuring circadian machineries,which consist of input pathway,central oscillator,and output pathway. The escape from light hypothesis provides a reasonable explanation for the evolution of circadian clock. As one of models on clock research,the circadian clock of Neurospora crassa is based on a transcription/translation negative feedback loop in which WC-1 and WC-2 work as positive elements and FRQ,FRH as negative elements. The environmental signals such as light and temperature are sensed by the input pathway and sent to central oscillator to be processed,thereby regulating the expression of a series of clock-controlled genes downstream and generating circadian rhythms. In addition,WC-independent frq transcription was also found in Neurospora crassa,and the study of its regulation model further expended our understanding of circadian clock regulatory network. Finally,we are expected to get a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the evolutionary process of the fungal circadian clock,as well as the overall adaptability of the organism to the external environment though comparing and exploring the components and mechanisms of the circadian clock systems in other fungi.

关 键 词：生物钟 粗糙脉孢菌 FRQ WC-1 WC-2 真菌 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]