高考命题失误对马克思劳动价值论教学与研究的重要启示——基于正确理解和准确把握“社会劳动生产率”的维度  

An Important Enlightenment of Test Design Problem in College Entrance Examination to the Teaching and Research of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value——Based on a Correct Understanding and Accurate Grasp of the Dimension of “SocialLabor Productivity"

作　　者：孙恒振 SUN Hengzhen(Qinghe Middle School,Xingtai,Hebei,054800,China)

机构地区：[1]清河中学

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2020年第2期42-54,共13页Education and Teaching Research

摘　　要：由于学术界对"社会劳动生产率"始终没有做出准确的界定,导致了众多学者对马克思劳动价值论的曲解,甚至质疑。21世纪以来,至少有6道高考试题体现了我国学术界的这一现状,引起了研究者对"社会劳动生产率"问题的关注,使得正确理解和准确把握"社会劳动生产率"概念的紧迫性日益凸显。"单位商品的价值量与生产该商品的社会劳动生产率成反比",从时间维度,"社会劳动生产率"是"生产商品的全部劳动的生产率",而不是"活劳动生产率";从空间的维度,"社会劳动生产率"是"全球生产商品的劳动的生产率",而不是"某一个国家的劳动生产率"。把这里的"社会劳动生产率"理解为"部门劳动生产率""一个国家的劳动生产率"的观点,都是对马克思"成反比"论断的错误理解;所有建立在对马克思"成反比"论断曲解基础上提出的对"成反比"论断的质疑,都是站不住脚的;正确理解和使用"社会劳动生产率"概念,才能在教学中演绎马克思劳动价值论,才能设计出符合马克思劳动价值论的高考试题。这对于坚持马克思的劳动价值论,对于解决马克思主义的真懂真信问题,对于政治经济学教学的顺利开展,具有极其重要的意义。The lack of an accurate definition of "social labor productivity" in academic community has led to many scholars misinterpreting Marx’s labor theory of value,and even has led to many scholars’ doubts about labor theory of value. Since entering the 21 st century,at least 6 questions in college entrance examination have reflected the current situation of China’s academic community. It is precisely because of these 6 questions in college entrance examination that have obvious mistakes,which has caused the author’s concern about the "social labor productivity problem". The urgency of correctly understanding and accurately grasping the concept of"social labor productivity"has become increasingly prominent."The amount of value per unit of goods is inversely proportional to the social labor productivity of producing the goods". From the time dimension,"social labor productivity" is not "living labor productivity",but "the total labor productivity of producing goods". From the spatial dimension,"social labor productivity" is not "the labor productivity of a country",but "the productivity of global labor producing goods". The view that the "social labor productivity" here is understood as "departmental labor productivity" and "the labor productivity of a country" is a misunderstanding of Marx’s "inversely proportional" thesis;all the doubts about the"inversely proportional" thesis based on the misinterpretation of Marx’s"inversely proportional" thesis are untenable. Only by correctly understanding and using the concept of "social labor productivity" can we deduce Marx’s labor theory of value in teaching and design the college entrance examination questions that accord with Marx’s labor theory of value,which is of great significance to adhere to Marx’s labor theory of value,solve the problem of true understanding and faith of Marxism and to the well development of the teaching of political economy.

关 键 词：马克思劳动价值论 高中政治教学 社会劳动生产率 活劳动生产率 国别劳动生产率 高考政治试题 

分 类 号：G633.2[文化科学—教育学]