十六国北朝士族社会之“女教”与“母教”——从一个侧面看中古士族文化之传承  

The Feminine Education and Mother Education among Hereditary Aristocracy in the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties:A Facet of Cultural Inheritance in Middle Medieval Aristocracy

作　　者：王永平[1] Wang Yongping

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院历史系,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第2期137-150,168,共15页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：十六国北朝士族社会女性普遍接受良好的儒家礼法与经史学术教育,这为她们主持家族内部日常事务、实施"家教"提供了必具的条件。特别对那些遭遇变故的家族而言,士族女性训抚弱嗣,承担起维系家族传承的重责。其教子首重儒家礼法,敦励子孙品德,以维护家族和睦,获取社会声誉;其次注意培养子孙之才学,或亲自教授经史学术,或鼓励子孙寻师求学,以塑造其子弟入仕进取的士人品格与修养;再次注重对其子弟为政能力与忠义清廉观念的训导,以确保其成就功业。经此"母教",一些士族后继有人,其子弟为人、为学与功业皆有所成,不仅有助于其家族门第之延续,而且对华夏文化之传承也有深刻之影响。Aristocratic women in the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern dynasties generally accepted good education on ceremonial rites,Confucian classics,and historical records,which provide adequate qualification for they taking care of routine family matters and implementing family education.Especially for those misfortunate families,women raised and educated the heir,and took the responsibility of family inheritance.Firstly,their education attached importance to Confucian ceremonial rites and urged morality of descendants to maintain the family harmony and gain social reputation.Secondly,they paid attention to talent and learning of their descendants by either teaching Confucian classics and history in person,or encouraging them to seek mentors,to shape the character and cultivation for official career.Thirdly,they paid attention to teaching governing ability as well as ideas of loyalty and incorruptibility to ensure the achievements of their descendants.By such"mother education,"many aristocratic families owned qualified successors,which not only contributed to the continuity of family status,but also had profound impact on the inheritance of the Huaxia culture.

关 键 词：母教 家教 中古士族 十六国北朝 女性 礼法 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]