重症监护与普通病房护士焦虑抑郁症状及职业倦怠比较  

Comparison of anxiety,depression,and job burnout of nurses in intensive care unit to nurses in general ward

作　　者：乔红梅[1] 李葆华[2] 李薇 钮安 黄悦勤[3] QIAO Hongmei;LI Baohua;LI Wei;NIU An;HUANG Yueqin(Peking University Third Hospital Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,Beijing 100191,China;Peking University Third Hospital Nursing Department,Beijing 100191,China;Peking University Sixth Hospital,Peking University Institute of Mental Health,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University),National Clinical Re search Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital),Beijng 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院呼吸与危重症医学科,北京100191 [2]北京大学第三医院护理部,北京100191 [3]北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,国家卫生健康委员会精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心(北京大学第六医院),北京100083

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2020年第3期191-195,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:比较三级甲等综合医院重症监护病房护理人员与普通病房护理人员的一般精神状况、焦虑和抑郁情绪、职业倦怠状况,分析其影响因素。方法:采用一般健康问卷、抑郁自评量表、自评焦虑量表、职业倦怠量表,以在线自填问卷方式,在北京某三级甲等综合医院调查重症监护病房和普通病房护士,收集有效问卷各112份和123份,进行单因素和多因素分析,采用多重线性回归分析影响因素。结果:相比普通病房护士,重症监护病房护士焦虑自评量表[(40.6±9.9)vs.(38.0±8.0)]和职业倦怠-工作态度量表[(12.2±6.1)vs.(10.6±5.8)]得分较高。与男护士比较,女护士一般健康问卷[(2.2±2.3)vs.(1.3±1.6)]和职业倦怠总分[(60.1±15.4)vs.(52.4±18.6)]和成就感分量表[(30.2±10.0)vs.(24.9±11.2)]得分较高。各量表均分和年龄相互均有中度相关。多重回归分析显示,影响一般健康问卷量表均分的因素为工作科室(标化回归系数为-0.18)和性别(标化回归系数为0.18),影响情绪衰竭量表均分的因素为学历(标化回归系数为-0.17),影响成就感量表均分的自变量为性别(标化回归系数为0.17)。结论:应该重视重症监护病房护士和女护士的心理健康状态,采取心理支持和优化管理以利于减少焦虑和抑郁情绪,避免出现职业倦怠。Objective:To compare symptoms of anxiety and depression,and job burnoutof nurses in intensive care unit(ICU)to nurses in general wad,and to analyze influence factors.Methods:By using self-report questionnaires including the General Health Questionnaire-12(GHQ-12),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS),112 nurses in ICU and 123 in general wads in a tertiary comprehensive hospital were filled out the questionnaires online.The data was analyzed with t-test,X^2 test,and multiple linear regression to explore related factor of mental health.Results:The mean scores of SAS[(40.6±9.9)vs.(38.0±8.0)]and MBI-Personal Accomplishment[(12.2±6.1)vs.(10.6±5.8)]in the ICU nurses were higher than the nurses in general wards.The mean scores of GHQ-12[(2.2±2.3)vs.(1.3±1.6)],MBI-GS[(60.1±15.4)vs.(52.4±18.6)],and MBI-Personal Accomplishment[(30.2±10.0)vs.(24.9±11.2)]in the female nurses were higher than the male nurses.All of the questionnaires and age showed statistically moderate correlation each other.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that work in ICU or general ward and gender were associated with the mean score of GHQ-12 and the standardized regression coefficients were-0.18 and 0.18 respectively.Education level was associated with the mean score of MBI-emotional Exhaustion and the standardized regression coefficients was-0.17.Gender was associated with the mean score of MBI-Personal Accomplishment and the standardized regression coefficients was 0.17.Conclusion:It should be paid attention to mental health of ICU nurses and female nurses.In order to decrease anxiety,depression and job burnout,psychological intervention and advanced management should be conducted in nurses.

关 键 词：护士 焦虑 抑郁 职业倦怠 重症监护病房 

分 类 号：R749.41[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R192.6[医药卫生—临床医学]