知识可以改变对转基因食品的态度吗?——探究科技争议下的极化态度  

Can Knowledge Change the Public Attitude to GM Food?——Examining Attitudinal Polarization in Science Controversies

作　　者：贾鹤鹏 JIA Hepeng

机构地区：[1]苏州大学传媒学院

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期135-142,169,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“转基因生物技术发展科普宣传与风险交流”项目子课题“中国科学传播能力评估”(2016ZX08015002-005)

摘　　要：文章探讨了生物技术知识与公众对转基因态度之间的关系。通过检视不同时代、不同国情背景下的调研数据,发现掌握生物技术知识的程度在总体上并不能与人们对转基因的态度形成稳定的正相关性。相反,在不同国家以及转基因争议的不同阶段,生物技术知识和受众学历在影响人们对转基因的态度上作用似乎不同。通过系统探讨转基因争议的媒体因素与心理机制推断:造成这种不同的主要原因是,在争议情景下,人们出于本能的自我保护性心理认知机制被激活,取代了他们利用知识进行理性衡量的认知手段。这一研究为理解科技争议与极化态度的形成提供了一个解释框架。This paper discusses the relationship between the knowledge of biotechnology and public attitude towards genetically modified food.By examining the survey data of different times and different national conditions,it could be found that so far there hasn’t been a relatively stable positive correlation between the biotechnology knowledge in general and people’s attitude towards GM food or GM technologies.On the contrary,in different countries,as well as at different stages of the GM debates,the roles of biotechnology knowledge and the relevant audience education seem to be completely different in influencing people’s attitudes towards GM food.Through a systematic study of the media factors and psychological mechanism of the GM food controversy,this paper concludes that the major contributor to this difference is that in the controversial situation,people’s various instinctive psychological cognitive mechanisms have been greatly activated to replace their cognitive means of rational measurement via knowledge.This study provides an explanation framework to interpret the formation of polarization attitudes in scientific and technological disputes.

关 键 词：转基因技术 转基因食品 知识 信任 心理认知机制 肯定性偏见 动机性推理 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]